I-Cyanidation Gold Extraction Process kanye neZinc Powder Replacement

Isiko Inqubo yokukhipha igolide ye-cyanidation ikakhulukazi kuqukethe izinqubo ezintathu ezinkulu: ukucwiliswa kwamanzi, ukuwasha, nokufaka esikhundleni (imvula).

1. Ukukhipha isisu

I-Leaching inqubo lapho igolide eliqinile ensimbi lincibilika ku-oxygen - equkethe isixazululo se-cyanide. Njengamanje, mayelana nenqubo, imishini, ukuphatha, nokusebenza, le nqubo isiye yaba yinkimbinkimbi. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukuchithwa kwegolide ku-oksijini - equkethe isixazululo se-cyanide empeleni kuyinqubo yokugqwala kwe-electrochemical.

Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-leaching, izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-reagents zisetshenziswa: Ama-cyanides kanye nama-alkali avikelayo.

(1) Ama-cyanides

Embonini, i ama-cyanides okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukucwiliswa kwegolide nge-cyanidation kufaka i-potassium cyanide (KCN), I-sodium cyanide (NaCN), i-calcium cyanide [Ca(CN)₂], ne-ammonium cyanide (NH₄CN).

I-sodium cyanide iyi-cyanide esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni. Kuyimpushana emhlophe enobuthi kakhulu, futhi yentengiso I-Sodium Cyanide ngokuvamile icindezelwa kuma-sphere noma amabhlogo.

Ngokwezimboni, i-cyanide melt nayo isetshenziswa njenge-reagent leaching. Kuyingxube eyakhiwe ngokuncibilikisa inhlanganisela ye-calcium cyanide, usawoti, ne-coke esithandweni sikagesi. Ngaphandle kokuqukatha u-40% - 45% we-Ca(CN)₂ kanye ne-NaCN, futhi iqukethe okunye ukungcola okuyingozi enqubweni ye-cyanidation, njengama-soluble sulfides, carbon, nokunye ukungcola okungancibiliki. Inzuzo yayo yinani eliphansi, kodwa umthamo likhulu, cishe izikhathi ezingu-2 - 2.5 zalokho i-sodium cyanide. Ukuqeda ithonya lokungcola okuyingozi, ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kufanele kwenziwe lapho usebenzisa i-cyanide melt. Izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukuyaluza okunamandla ngomoya noma ukwengeza inani elifanele likasawoti omthofu esixazululweni.

Ngokwethiyori, i-0.5g kuphela ye-sodium cyanide edingekayo ukuze kuhlakazwe i-1g ye-Au. Kodwa-ke, ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-20 - 200 inani lethiyori, noma ngaphezulu. Inani elisetshenziswayo ikakhulukazi lincike kokuqukethwe kwezinye izingxenye ze-ore ezingasabela nge-cyanide.

2. Ukugeza

Ukugeza kuyinqubo yokusebenzisa amanzi ukugeza ingaphezulu lezinhlayiya ze-ore kanye negolide elincibilikisiwe phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-ore ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile - okuwuketshezi ukuze kubuyiselwe igolide - isixazululo esiqukethe emva kokucwiliswa.

3. Ukushintshwa

Ukushintshwa yinqubo yokusebenzisa impushana ye-zinc ukunciphisa kanye nokuncishiswa kwegolide egolideni eliqukethe isixazululo, ngaleyo ndlela kubuyiswe igolide. Kusukela ngekhulu lama-20, ukutholwa kwegolide ku-cyanide pulp kuqala kuhilela ukugeza i-pulp, bese ucacisa futhi ukhiphe ikhambi elikhulelwe. Imvula yegolide evela kusixazululo esicacisiwe sokukhulelwa ibilokhu isetshenziswa I-Zinc powder esikhundleni indlela. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960, "indlela ye-carbon - in - pulp" yokwengeza ikhabhoni ecushiwe ku-pulp ithuthuke ngokushesha. Ngocwaningo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwama-ion exchangers, indlela yokusebenzisa i-ion - exchange resins ukuze kukhangiswe igolide kusuka kuzixazululo ze-cyanide noma i-cyanide pulp nayo inenani elisebenzayo elibalulekile. Olunye ucwaningo luye lwenziwa futhi ekukhishweni kwe-solvent yegolide ezixubeni ze-cyanide. Lapho i-sulfuric acid yengezwa egolideni le-cyanide - eliqukethe isixazululo, i-isoamyl alcohol ingase isetshenziselwe ukukhipha igolide, futhi izinga lokukhipha liyakhula ngokwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid. Isibonelo, uma ukhipha isisombululo se-sulfuric acid engu-2mol/L, igolide lingaphinda lihlukaniswe nokungcola okufana ne-arsenic nensimbi. Ukusebenzisa i-oxyalkoxy phosphate ukuze kukhishwe igolide kuzixazululo ze-cyanate alkaline kuzuze izinkomba ezanelisayo zokukhishwa, futhi ukusebenzisa i-sodium sulfite ye-back - isizinda nayo ithole imiphumela emihle, njalonjalo.

Sengiphetha, inqubo yokukhipha igolide ye-cyanidation inomlando omude kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo. Izindlela ezihlukene nama-reagents anezici zawo kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza, futhi imboni ihlale ihlola futhi isungula izinto ezintsha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nomnotho wokukhishwa kwegolide kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nokuphepha.