Ucwaningo ngokuhlolwa kokukhiqiza kokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ku-Cyanide Carbon-in-Pulp Plant

1. Isingeniso

Embonini yezimayini zegolide, i-Cyanide leaching iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokukhipha igolide ezinsimbini eziyigugu. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe -Sodium cyanide , ikhemikhali enobuthi obukhulu, akugcini nje ngokuba yingozi enkulu kwezemvelo nokuphepha kodwa futhi kubangela izindleko eziphezulu. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe- Sodium Cyanide ku- cyanide Izitshalo ze-carbon -in-pulp sekuyinselelo ephuthumayo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kanye nobungane bemvelo benqubo yokukhiqiza. Lesi sihloko sinikeza imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokukhiqiza okuhlose ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe -sodium cyanide esitshalweni se-cyanide carbon-in-pulp.

2. Isizinda Senkinga

Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwe-sodium cyanide ezitshalweni ze-cyanide carbon-in-pulp kubangelwa ikakhulukazi izici ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, ukuba khona kokungcola okuhlukahlukene ku-ore, njengethusi, i-zinc, nensimbi, kungasabela nge-cyanide, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwenani elikhulu le-sodium cyanide. Okwesibili, ukulawulwa okungafanele kwezimo zokuvuza, njengenani le-pH, izinga lokushisa, nezinga lokungenisa umoya, nakho kungaholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini yokucwilisa kanye nohlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwesixazululo se-cyanide kungase kuqhubekisele phambili le nkinga. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwenza ucwaningo olujulile nokuhlola ukuze uthole izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide.

3. Izindlela Zokucwaninga

3.1 Ubunjalo bensimbi

Isinyathelo sokuqala socwaningo kwakuwukwenza imininingwane enemininingwane yensimbi esetshenziswa esitshalweni se-cyanide carbon-in-pulp. Kwahlaziywa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, i-mineralogy, kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana zensimbi. Lolu lwazi belubalulekile ekuqondeni ukusabela okungenzeka phakathi kwezingxenye ze-ore ne-sodium cyanide kanye nokwenza amasu afanele okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide.

3.2 Ukwenziwa Kwezimo Ze-Leaching

Uchungechunge lwezilingo lwenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimo zokucwiliswa kwamanzi. Imiphumela yenani le-pH, izinga lokushisa, izinga lokungenisa umoya, nesikhathi sokuvuza ekusetshenzisweni kwe-sodium cyanide kanye nezinga lokukhishwa kwegolide kuye kwaphenywa. Inhlanganisela ehlukene yale mingcele yahlolwa, futhi izimo ezifanele zanqunywa ngokuhlolwa okuphelele.

3.3 Ukulungiswa Kwezinto Ezimbiwa Phambili

Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela omubi wokungcola kwe-ore ekusetshenzisweni kwe-sodium cyanide, izindlela zokwelashwa kwangaphambili zahlolwa. Izindlela ezimbili zokwelapha eziyinhloko, okuyi-flotation kanye nokugazinga, zahlolwa. Indlela yokuntanta yayihlose ukuhlukanisa amaminerali abalulekile nokungcola, kuyilapho indlela yokugazinga yayisetshenziselwa ukukhipha amaminerali e-sulfide futhi kukhishwe okunye ukungcola okungadla i-cyanide.

3.4 Ukwenziwa ngcono kohlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwe-Cyanide

Ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwe-cyanide kuthinta ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Kulolu cwaningo, kwenziwa intuthuko ohlelweni lokugaywa kabusha kwe-cyanide. Kwasungulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nemishini ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokutholwa kwe-cyanide emisileni kanye nesixazululo sokucwiliswa. Ukwengeza, ikhwalithi yesixazululo se-cyanide esigaywe kabusha yaqashwa ngokucophelela futhi yalungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iphinda isetshenziswe ngempumelelo.

I-4. Imiphumela nengxoxo

4.1 Imithelela Yokuthuthukiswa Kwesimo Se-Leaching

Ukwenziwa kahle kwezimo ze-leaching kuzuze imiphumela emangalisayo. Ngokulungisa inani le-pH libe ibanga elifanele (elizungeze u-10 - 11), ukwandisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-30 - 35 °C, nokulawula izinga lokungenisa umoya ku-0.5 - 1.0 L/min, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwehliswe kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokukhishwa kwegolide lahlala lizinzile noma lenyuka kancane. Le miphumela ibonise ukuthi ukulawulwa okufanele kwezimo zokuvuza kungakhuthaza ngempumelelo ukusabela phakathi kwegolide ne-cyanide kuyilapho kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa okungadingekile kwe-sodium cyanide.

4.2 Imiphumela ye-Ore Pretreatment

Izindlela zokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwe-ore nazo zabonisa imiphumela emihle. I-flotation pretreatment yahlukanisa ngempumelelo okunye ukungcola, okufana namaminerali ethusi nezinc, nensimbi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ngesikhathi senqubo yokucwilisa okwalandela kwehliswe cishe ngama-20%. Ukuwoswa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, nakuba kunamandla amakhulu, nakho kwakusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngemuva kokugazinga, amaminerali e-sulfide ku-ore akhishwa nge-oxid, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwehla cishe ngo-30%. Kodwa-ke, ukukhethwa kwendlela yokwelashwa kusengaphambili kufanele kusekelwe ezicini ezithile zensimbi kanye nokucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezomnotho kanye nemvelo kwesitshalo.

4.3 Ukwenziwa ngcono kohlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwe-Cyanide

Ukwenziwa ngcono kohlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwe-cyanide kwenyuse kakhulu izinga lokutholwa kwe-cyanide. Ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nemishini kwenze izinga lokuthola kabusha kwe-cyanide ezinsileni likhuphuke lisuka ku-60% laya ngaphezu kwama-80%, kanye nezinga lesixazululo se-cyanide esigaywe kabusha sathuthukiswa. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa akuzange kunciphise kuphela inani le-sodium cyanide entsha edingekayo ekukhiqizeni kodwa futhi kunciphise umthelela wemvelo wokukhishwa kwe-cyanide.

I-5. Iziphetho

Ngalesi sivivinyo sokukhiqiza, kutholakale izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide esitshalweni se-cyanide carbon-in-pulp. Ukuthuthukisa izimo zokucwiliswa kwamanzi, ukulungisa i-ore ngaphambili, kanye nokwenza ngcono uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwe-cyanide konke kungaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Lezi zinyathelo azikwazi nje ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kodwa futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kwemvelo kwesitshalo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwalezi zinyathelo kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela ngokwesimo sangempela sesitshalo ngasinye, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nezakhiwo zensimbi, isikali sokukhiqiza, kanye nokuba nokwenzeka kwezomnotho. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo lungagxila ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwalezi zindlela kanye nokuhlola ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze kuzuzwe ukunciphisa okuphawulekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-sodium cyanide kunqubo ye-cyanide carbon-in-pulp.