Sakamakon Yawan Amfani da sinadarin Sodium Cyanide a cikin Tsarin Leaching na Zinare

A cikin masana'antar hakar gwal, da cyanide aiwatar da leaching, musamman amfani Sodium cyanide, hanya ce ta gama gari don hako zinare daga tama. Duk da haka, da Yawan amfani of sodium Cyanide a cikin wannan tsari na iya haifar da jerin matsaloli masu mahimmanci, waɗanda ke da lahani ga duka bangarorin tattalin arziki na ayyukan hakar ma'adinai da muhalli.

1. Haɓaka Kuɗin Aiki

1.1 Babban Kashe Sinadari

Sodium cyanide ba reagent mai tsada ba ne. Lokacin amfani da adadi mai yawa, farashin siyan wannan sinadari yana ƙaruwa sosai. Ma'adinan suna buƙatar ware wani kaso mafi girma na kasafin kuɗin su don samun adadin da ake bukata sodium cyanide. Alal misali, idan ma'adanin yawanci yana aiki tare da mafi kyawun ƙwayar cyanide na 0.05% - 0.1% a cikin maganin leaching, amma saboda rashin kulawa ko rashin fahimtar tsarin, an ƙara maida hankali zuwa 0.2%, adadin sodium cyanide da aka cinye kowace naúrar tama da aka sarrafa zai kusan ninki biyu ko sau uku. Wannan kai tsaye yana haɓaka farashin siyan sinadarai, cin abinci cikin ribar aikin hakar ma'adinai.

1.2 Ƙarin Kuɗin Jiyya

Yawan sodium cyanide mai yawa a cikin tsarin leaching yana haifar da matakan cyanide mafi girma a cikin ruwan da aka samar. Kula da wannan ruwan datti don saduwa da ƙa'idodin fitar da muhalli ya zama mafi rikitarwa da tsada. Hanyoyi na al'ada don cirewar cyanide daga ruwan sharar gida, irin su sinadarai oxidation (amfani da chlorine ko hydrogen peroxide), jiyya na halitta, ko musayar ion, duk suna buƙatar ƙarin reagents, kuzari, da lokutan jiyya lokacin da aka ɗaga ƙwayar cyanide. Misali, a cikin tsarin sinadarai na sinadari, ana buƙatar ƙara ƙarin abubuwan da ke haifar da iskar oxygen don rushe manyan matakan cyanide. Wannan ba wai yana ƙara tsadar sinadarai masu iskar oxygen ba amma har ma yana iya buƙatar manyan tasoshin amsawa da ƙarin kuzari don haɗawa da amsawa, don haka ƙarawa gabaɗayan farashin aiki na ma'adinan.

2. Gurbatar Muhalli

2.1 Gurbacewar Ruwa

2.1.1 Rushewar Muhalli na Ruwa

Lokacin da yawan sodium cyanide ya kasance a cikin aikin leaching, ana samun ƙarin haɗarin zubewar cyanide a cikin ruwa. Cyanide yana da guba sosai ga rayuwar ruwa. Ko da a ƙananan ƙira, yana iya haifar da mummunar cutarwa ga kifaye, invertebrates, da sauran halittun ruwa. Misali, game da malalar Baia Mare cyanide a kasar Romania a shekara ta 2000. Wata dam din wutsiya ta fashe ta fitar da gurbatacciyar ruwan cyanide mai murabba'in mita 100.000 a cikin kogin Tisza da Danube. Yawan sinadarin cyanide da ke cikin ruwa ya kashe kifaye masu yawa, lamarin da ya wargaza dukkan sassan abinci na ruwa. Hakanan ana iya shafar tsire-tsire na ruwa, kamar yadda cyanide zai iya tsoma baki tare da tsarin photosynthesis da numfashi, wanda zai haifar da raguwar girma da yawan aiki.

2.1.2 Gurbacewar Ruwan Sha

Cyanide - gurɓataccen ruwa daga ayyukan hakar ma'adinai kuma yana iya shiga cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwan ƙasa ko gurɓata ruwan saman da ake amfani da shi don samar da ruwan sha. Cyanide a cikin ruwan sha babban haɗari ne ga lafiya. Ko da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cyanide na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri na kiwon lafiya kamar ciwon kai, dizziness, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, na iya zama m. A Amurka, a cikin 1982. a ma'adinan Zortman - Landusky a Montana, galan 52.000 na maganin cyanide ya leka kuma ya sanya guba a cikin aquifer da ke ba da ruwan sha ga garin Zortman. Wannan lamarin ya bayyana yuwuwar gurbacewar ma’adinan da ke da alaka da hakar ma’adinai na cyanide don yin illa ga lafiyar dan Adam ta hanyar gurbatar ruwan sha.

2.2 Gurbacewar Kasa

Idan cyanide - mai dauke da ruwa mai datti ko datti daga tsarin hakar ma'adinai (kamar wutsiya) an zubar da shi ba daidai ba akan ƙasa, zai iya gurɓata ƙasa. Cyanide a cikin ƙasa na iya dawwama na dogon lokaci, musamman a yanayin anaerobic. Wannan na iya yin tasiri mara kyau ga yanayin ƙasa. Yana iya hana ci gaban shuke-shuke ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da aikin tushen su da kuma cin abinci mai gina jiki. Wasu tsire-tsire na iya nuna rashin ci gaba, rawaya na ganye, ko ma mutu. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa, waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a hawan keke na gina jiki da haɓakar ƙasa, na iya yin tasiri sosai. Ana iya hana ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi masu amfani, wanda ke haifar da raguwar ingancin ƙasa da yawan aiki.

2.3 Gurbacewar Iska

a cikin Tsarin leaching na zinari, idan ba a sarrafa yanayin yadda ya kamata ba, wuce kima sodium cyanide zai iya haifar da samuwar hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas. HCN iskar gas ce mai saurin gaske kuma mai guba. Lokacin da sodium cyanide ya amsa tare da acid (wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin ma'adinai ko ƙarawa yayin aiwatarwa) ko a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin pH, ana iya samar da HCN. Misali, lokacin da pH na maganin leaching ya faɗi ƙasa da wani matakin, sodium cyanide zai iya amsawa tare da abubuwan acidic a cikin maganin don samar da mahaɗan hydrogen cyanide da mahaɗan sodium. Fitar da iskar gas ta HCN a cikin iska yana yin babbar barazana ga lafiyar ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai da kuma al'ummomin da ke kusa. Shakar HCN na iya haifar da saurin numfashi, tashin hankali, tashin zuciya, kuma a cikin adadi mai yawa, na iya zama nan da nan rai - barazana.

3. Tasiri kan Tsarin Leaching da Kansa

3.1 Yawan Leaching a hankali

Sabanin abin da ake tsammani, yin amfani da yawan adadin sodium cyanide ba dole ba ne ya haifar da sauri ko mafi inganci. Hakar zinare. A gaskiya ma, a wasu lokuta, yana iya haifar da akasin haka. Yawan adadin cyanide na iya haifar da samuwar karfe - rukunin cyanide tare da wasu karafa da ke cikin tama, kamar jan karfe, zinc, ko ƙarfe. Waɗannan rukunin gidaje na iya cinye cyanide kuma su rage adadin cyanide kyauta da ake samu don amsawa da zinari. Misali, jan karfe da ke cikin ma'adanin na iya samar da tsayayyen jan karfe - hadadden cyanide. Sakamakon haka, adadin narkar da gwal na iya raguwa, kuma gabaɗayan aikin leaching na iya raguwa.

3.2 Tsangwama tare da Matakan Jiyya na gaba

Yawan cyanide mai yawa a cikin maganin leaching kuma na iya haifar da matsaloli a matakai na gaba na tsarin dawo da gwal. Alal misali, a cikin aiwatar da zubar da zinari daga leachate ta amfani da ƙurar zinc (tsarin Merrill - Crowe), yawan ƙwayar cyanide na iya haifar da samuwar zinc-cyanide complexes. Wadannan rukunin gidaje na iya tsoma baki tare da hazo na zinari, rage yawan amfanin zinariya. Bugu da ƙari, game da yin amfani da carbon da aka kunna don tallan zinare daga leachate, cyanide da ya wuce kima na iya rinjayar ƙarfin tallan carbon, kamar yadda wasu cyanide - ginshiƙan ƙarfe kuma ana iya tallata su a saman carbon, suna fafatawa da zinare don wuraren talla.

A ƙarshe, yawan amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin aikin leaching na zinari matsala ce mai fuska da yawa wacce ke da tasiri mai nisa ga masana'antar hakar ma'adinai, muhalli, da lafiyar ɗan adam. Dole ne ma'adinan su sa ido a hankali da sarrafa adadin sodium cyanide da ake amfani da su a cikin aikin leaching don tabbatar da inganci, farashi - tasiri, da haɓakar hakar gwal na muhalli.