Kugadzirisa Kubudirira kweSodium Cyanide muVat Leaching

ziviso

Vat leaching inzira yakakosha muindastiri yezvicherwa, kunyanya pakuchera simbi dzakakosha segoridhe kubva kune yakaderera-giredhi ores. Sodium cyanide inoita basa rakakosha mukuita uku sezvo ichigadzira yakaoma negoridhe, ichibvumira kuparara kwayo uye kunotevera kupora. Zvisinei, kushanda zvakanaka kwe sodium cyanide mune vat leaching inogona kupesvedzerwa nezvakawanda zvinhu. Kugadzirisa zvinhu izvi kwakakosha kwete chete kuwedzera simbi yekudzoreredza mwero asiwo kuderedza mitengo uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kune chekuita nekushandiswa kweiyi kemikari ine muchetura.

Basa reSodium Cyanide muVat Leaching

Mukuvhara kwemvura, Sodium Cyanide inopindirana negoridhe muhupo hweokisijeni nemvura. Iyo cyanide ions mukati Sodium cyanide kusanganisa nemaatomu egoridhe, kushandura goridhe kuita musanganiswa wakaoma kunzwisisa. Iyi fomu yegoridhe inonyungudika inogona kubva yapatsanurwa kubva kune ore matrix uye zvakare kugadziriswa kuti iwane goridhe rakachena.

Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kuita Kwesodium Cyanide muVat Leaching

Ore Hunhu

1. Chikamu Chemahara: Saizi yezvimedu zveore zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kweleaching. Zvimedu zvidiki zvinopa nzvimbo yakakura yenzvimbo yekuita pakati pe sodium cyanide uye goridhe-ine zvicherwa. Semuenzaniso, kana ore ikasapwanywa zvakakwana, mushonga wecyanide ungasakwanisa kupinda zvakanaka, zvichisiya huwandu hwegoridhe husina kubatwa. Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti kudzikisa saizi yegoridhe - inotakura ores kubva kune yakaomesesa chikamu kuenda kune yakatsetseka kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kunyungudika kwegoridhe. Iwo akatsetseka - saizi zvidimbu zvinobvumira kukurumidza uye kunyungudika kwakawanda kana zvichienzaniswa neakaomarara zvimedu.

2. Mineralogy: Kuvapo kwemamwe maminerari kunogona kuwedzera kana kumisa maitiro ekuregedza. Zvicherwa zvakaita se pyrite uye arsenopyrite zvinogona kupedza oxygen necyanide, zvichideredza kuwanikwa kweaya mareagents egoridhe - cyanide reaction. Kune rimwe divi, mamwe maminerari e gangue angave ane catalytic mhedzisiro, achikurudzira kunyungudika kwegoridhe. Pamusoro pezvo, kuitika kwegoridhe mukati meore, ingave yakasununguka - kugaya (kusunungurwa nyore) kana kuvharirwa mukati memamwe maminerari, kunokanganisa kuwanikwa kwegoridhe kune cyanide mhinduro. Semuyenzaniso, goridhe rakanyudzwa mumaminerari esulfide rinogona kuda pre-kurapwa, sekugocha kana bio-oxidation, kufumura goridhe uye kunatsiridza mashandiro eLeaching.

Process Conditions

1. Cyanide Concentration: Kuchengetedza yakakodzera cyanide concentration kwakakosha. A too-low concentration inogona kusapa yakakwana cyanide ions kuti iite negoridhe rese riripo, zvichikonzera kusakwana kweleaching. Sezvineiwo, kuwandisa kwakanyanya kunogona kutungamira mukuumbwa kwezvisingadiwi ne - zvigadzirwa, senge simbi - cyanide complexes nemamwe asina-akakosha simbi mune ore, uye zvakare inowedzera mutengo uye njodzi yezvakatipoteredza. Iyo yakakwana cyanide concentration inowanzosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rweore uye kuvapo kwekukanganisa zvicherwa. Muzhinji, kune akajairwa goridhe ores, akasiyana cyanide emisimboti anoshandiswa pamatanho akasiyana e leaching kuenzanisa kugona uye mutengo.

2. pH Kudzora: Iyo pH yemhinduro yeleaching ine yakakosha kukanganisa kugadzikana kwecyanide uye leaching reaction. Cyanide haina kugadzikana muacidic mamiriro uye inogona kuwora kuita muchetura wehydrogen cyanide gasi. Kuti udzivise izvi, iyo pH yemhinduro yekuchenesa inowanzo chengetwa muchikamu che10 - 11 uchishandisa lime kana mamwe alkaline reagents. Pane iyi pH renji, iyo cyanide inoramba iri muchimiro chayo ionic, ichifambisa kuumbwa kwegoridhe - cyanide yakaoma. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo alkaline nharaunda inogona zvakare kubatsira mukunyungudutsa mamwe maminerari anogona kukanganisa maitiro ekudonha.

3. tembiricha: Mwero weiyo cyanidation reaction ndeye tembiricha - zvinoenderana. Kupisa kwepamusoro kunowanzo wedzera chiyero chekuita, asi mukuita, kuchengetedza tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya kunogona kudhura uye kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kuparara kwecyanide. Mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora, tembiricha yekudonha inogona kuve inomisa chinhu. Pazasi pe10 °C, mwero wekunyungudika kwegoridhe unodonha zvakanyanya. Mimwe migodhi muCanada yakashandisa kupisa kwemarara kupisa mhinduro yeleaching, iyo isingangobatsiri kutyora tembiricha chete asiwo inowedzera mwaka wekudonha.

4. Oxygen Kuwanikwa: Okisijeni yakakosha inopindirana mukuita cyanidation sezvo ichiwedzera oxidize goridhe kuti igadzire iyo inonyungudika goridhe - cyanide complex. Okisijeni yakakwana inogona kuwedzera chiyero cheleaching. Kuisa zvishandiso zvinofambisa kupinda kweokisijeni, senge air-jekiseni masisitimu, panguva yekuvaka vheti inogona kuvandudza kupenya kweiyo ore - cyanide solution musanganiswa uye kuwedzera kukurumidza leaching. Tsvagiridzo yakaitwa neHazen Institute muUnited States yakaratidza kuti kuwedzera iyo okisijeni iri mumurwi weore (iyo inogona kuiswa zvine mutsindo kune vat leaching) haingopfupiki kutenderera kweleaching asiwo kuwedzera mwero wegoridhe.

Leaching Time

The nguva yekuzorora chimwe chinhu chinokosha. Nguva yakakwana inodiwa kuti cyanide iite negoridhe rese riripo. Nekudaro, nguva yakawandisa yekurebesa nguva inogona kuve isina hupfumi uye inogona kutungamira mukuumbwa kwezvimwe ne-zvigadzirwa. Iyo yakakwana leaching nguva inoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita seore particle size, cyanide concentration, uye tembiricha. Semuyenzaniso, mune zvimwe zviitiko apo ore iri yakanaka - yakavezwa uye mamiriro ekuita akanyatso - akagadziridzwa, iyo leaching nguva inogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa neyakaomesesa - gorosi ores kana sub - optimal mamiriro.

Optimization Strategies

Ore Pretreatment

1. Kupwanya uye Kukuya: Kuti uve nechokwadi chekukura kwakaringana, ore inofanirwa kupwanywa nekupwanywa. Kushandisa yepamberi yekupwanya uye yekukuya michina inogona kubatsira kuwana yakawedzera yunifomu saizi kugovera, kuwedzera nzvimbo inowanikwa yecyanide - goridhe reaction.

2. Pre - kurapwa kweRefractory Ores: Kune refractory ores ine goridhe rakavharirwa mu sulfide kana zvimwe zvicherwa, pre-kurapa nzira dzakadai sekugocha, bio - oxidation, kana pressure oxidation inogona kushandiswa. Kugocha kunogona kuputsa zvicherwa zve sulfide, kuburitsa goridhe rakavharirwa uye kuita kuti ive nyore kuwanika kune cyanide solution. Bio - oxidation inoshandisa ma microorganisms kuti oxidize zvicherwa zve sulfide, imwe nzira ine hushamwari nharaunda yekugocha mune dzimwe nguva.

Maitiro Ekutonga

1. Kuongorora uye Kugadzirisa Cyanide Concentration: Ramba uchitarisisa iyo cyanide concentration mune leaching mhinduro uchishandisa analytical matekiniki akadai titration kana ion - selective electrodes. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekutarisisa, gadzirisa iyo cyanide yekuwedzera mwero kuti uchengetedze yakanyanya kusungwa mukati mekuita leaching.

2. pH Monitoring uye Kugadzirisa: Gara uchiyera pH yemhinduro yekuchenesa uchishandisa pH metres uye wowedzera lime kana mamwe alkaline reagents sezvinodiwa kuchengetedza pH mukati meiyo optimal renji ye10 - 11.

3. Temperature Control: Kana tembiricha iri chinhu chinodzikamisa, funga kushandisa kudziyisa kana kutonhodza masisitimu kuchengetedza tembiricha yakakodzera kune iyo leaching reaction. Izvi zvinogona kunyanya kukosha munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze akanyanya.

4. Oxygen Supply Optimization: Ita shuwa kuti yakakwana uye inopindirana kupihwa kweokisijeni kune iyo leaching system. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa mhepo inoshanda-majekiseni masisitimu kana nekuwedzera oxygen - inoburitsa makomisheni akadai sehydrogen peroxide kune leaching mhinduro. Zvisinei, kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa paunenge uchishandisa hydrogen peroxide sezvo inogonawo kuita necyanide kana isina kunyatsodzorwa.

Leaching Aid Kuwedzera

Leaching aids inogona kuwedzerwa kune cyanide leaching slurry kuwedzera kushanda. Zvakajairwa leaching zvinoyamura zvinosanganisira oxidizing agents, inokwidziridzwa leaching agents, uye wetting agents. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera okisijeni - ine oxidizing agent kune cyanide leaching process inogona kuwedzera inoshanda inoshanda okisijeni muslurry, ichivandudza leaching inoshanda. Wetting agents anogona kubatsira iyo cyanide mhinduro inopinda zvirinani mukati meore particles, kunyanya munyaya yehydrophobic ores.

mhedziso

Kugadzirisa kushanda kwesodium cyanide muvat leaching ibasa rakaoma asi rakakosha muindasitiri yemigodhi. Nekunyatso funga nekudzora zvinhu zvakaita se ore maitiro, maitiro ekugadzirisa, uye nguva yekumhanyisa, uye nekushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekugadzirisa, zvinokwanisika kuvandudza zvakanyanya kudzoreredzwa kwesimbi dzakakosha, kuderedza kushandiswa kwemakemikari, uye kuderedza njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza dzine chekuita nekushandiswa kwesodium cyanide. Kuenderera mberi nekutsvagisa uye hunyanzvi munzvimbo ino kwakakosha kuita kuti vat leaching process irambe yakasimba uye ibudirire mune zvehupfumi munguva refu.