Nzira dzekurapa cyanide tailings nehydrogen peroxide

ziviso

Cyanide tailings ndeye - zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa mumigodhi yegoridhe uye mamwe maindasitiri anoshandisa cyanide mukuita kwekuchera. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwechepfu cyanide compounds, Cyanide miswe kutyisidzira zvakakomba zvakatipoteredza. Hydrogen peroxide kurapwa inzira inoshanda yekubata nemaswe aya. Ichi chinyorwa chichaongorora nzira yekurapa iyi zvakadzama.

Nheyo yeHydrogen Peroxide Kurapa

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) inhengo ine oxidizing ine simba. Pakurapa cyanide tailings, musimboti wekutanga ndewekuti Hydrogen peroxide inopindirana nemakemikari ecyanide munzvimbo ine alkaline (kazhinji ine pH ye10 - 11). Yakagadziriswa nezvinhu (kazhinji copper ions, Cu²⁺), zvinotevera zvinoitika:

Cyanide (CN⁻) yakasvibiswa kuita cyanate (CNO⁻). Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kungoratidzwa se:

2CN⁻ + 5H₂O₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2CNO⁻ + 6H₂O

Mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, cyanate inogona kuita zvimwe zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya, zvakaita seammonia (NH₃), kabhoni dhayokisaidhi (CO₂), uye nitrogen (N₂).

CNO⁻ + 2H₂O → NH₃ + HCO₃⁻

Zvadaro, ammonia inogona kuwedzera oxidized kana kuputika pasi pemamiriro akakodzera ezvakatipoteredza.

Kurapa Matanho

Tailings Slurry Kugadzirira: Chekutanga, iyo cyanide tailings inoda kuitwa slurry. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa nekuwedzera mvura kune miswe uye kunyatsoisanganisa mumudziyo wakakodzera (senge tangi yakakura yekusanganisa). Kubatana kwe slurry kunogadziriswa kuti kuve nechokwadi chekubatana kwakanaka pakati pehydrogen peroxide uye cyanide - ine zvimedu.

pH Kugadziriswa: Iyo pH ye cyanide tailings slurry inogadziridzwa kune yakakodzera alkaline range, kazhinji pH 10 - 11. Iyi nhanho yakakosha nokuti oxidation reaction yehydrogen peroxide ne cyanide inotsamira zvakanyanya pa pH kukosha. Lime (Ca(OH) ₂) kana sodium hydroxide (NaOH) inowanzoshandiswa kuwedzera pH.

Catalyst Kuwedzera: Copper - based catalysts, yakadai semhangura sulfate (CuSO₄), inowedzerwa kune slurry. Ioni dzemhangura dzinogona kukonzeresa kuita pakati pehydrogen peroxide necyanide, zvichiwedzera kukurumidza kuita mwero. Iko kusanganiswa kwecopper ions mu slurry kunowanzo kudzorwa kunosvika 50 mg/L. Nekudaro, kana mitsara yatove nemhangura yakakwana kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzeresa, kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kunogona kusakosha.

Hydrogen Peroxide Kuwedzera: Zvadaro, hydrogen peroxide inowedzerwa kune slurry. Kuwanda kwehydrogen peroxide yakawedzerwa kunoenderana nehuwandu hwe cyanide mumaswe. Molar reshiyo yehydrogen peroxide kune cyanide kazhinji iri muchikamu che3:1 - 8:1. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo cyanide yemukati mumiswe yakakwira, chiyero chepamusoro chehydrogen peroxide chinodiwa. Hydrogen peroxide inofanira kuwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma nekuenderera mberi ichikurudzira kuti ive nechokwadi chekugovera yunifomu uye kuita kwakazara.

Kuita uye Kukurudzira: Iyo slurry inoramba ichimutswa panguva yekuita kuti ive nechokwadi chekubatana kwakakwana pakati pezvinoita. Nguva yekuita inosiyana zvichienderana nekutanga cyanide concentration uye zvinangwa zvekurapa, kazhinji kwete pasi pe1 - 2 maawa. Munguva iyi, hydrogen peroxide inosanganisa cyanide kuita zvigadzirwa zvishoma zvinokuvadza.

Yakasimba - Liquid Separation: Mushure mekuita kwapera, kusimba - kuparadzaniswa kwemvura kunoitwa pane yakarapwa slurry. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nenzira dzakaita sedimentation mu thickener inoteverwa nekusefa uchishandisa sefa yekutsikisa. Iyo yakapatsanurwa yakasimba (kureva, iyo yakabatwa miswe) inogona kuraswa zvakachengeteka, semuenzaniso, inochengetwa mune yakanyatso-mutsetse uye inotariswa tailings dziva. Iyo filtrate, ine yakadzikira kuwanda kwecyanide uye zvimwe zvinhu, inogona kuramba ichirapwa kana kushandiswa zvakare mukugadzira maitiro kana mamiriro achibvumidza.

Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kushanda Kwekurapa

Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration: Iyo yakanyanya kuwanda kwehydrogen peroxide yakawedzerwa, zviri nani iyo oxidation mhedzisiro pacyanide. Nekudaro, kushandisa zvakanyanya hydrogen peroxide hakungo wedzera mitengo chete asi kunogona kukonzeresa maitiro uye matambudziko anogona kuitika kwezvakatipoteredza.

pH Kukosha: Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, iyo pH kukosha kweiyo reaction system ine mhedzisiro yakakura padanho rekuita uye kugona. Kutsauka kubva pachiyero chepH che10 - 11 kunononoka kuita oxidation yecyanide nehydrogen peroxide.

Catalyst Concentration: Iko kusanganiswa kwemhangura - based catalyst inokanganisa maitiro ekuita. Kana iyo catalyst concentration yakaderera, maitiro anogona kunge achinonoka; kana yakanyanyisa, inogona kukonzera mamwe maitiro akaoma emakemikari uye kuwedzera mari.

Reaction Time: Yakakwana kuita nguva inodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuzadza oxidation yecyanide zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Kusakwana kuita nguva kuchaita kuti cyanide yasara mumaswe akabatwa.

Chekutanga Cyanide Concentration: Iyo yakakwirira yekutanga cyanide concentration mumaswe, zvakanyanya kuoma kuwana kurapwa kwakazara, uye yakawanda hydrogen peroxide uye yakareba nguva yekupindura inogona kudiwa.

Zvakanakira zveHydrogen Peroxide Kurapa

Yakakwira Oxidation Kubudirira: Hydrogen peroxide inogona kunyatso oxidize marudzi akasiyana-siyana ecyanide, kusanganisira yemahara cyanide uye mamwe simbi - cyanide complexes, zvakanyanya kuderedza huturu hwe cyanide tailings.

Zvikati Nyore Maitiro: Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzokurapa necyanide (sekunaya kwakaoma kwemakemikari kana nzira dzebhayoloji dzekurapa), nzira yekurapa yehydrogen peroxide ine hunyanzvi uye iri nyore kushandisa.

Ngozi Yakaderera Yekusvibiswa Kwechipiri: Zvigadzirwa zve hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction hazvina kukuvadza zvakanyanya. Iyo yepakati chigadzirwa cyanate inogona kuwedzera kuoreswa kuita isiri-chepfu zvinhu, uye hydrogen peroxide pachayo inoora kuita mvura uye oksijeni, ichideredza njodzi yekusvibiswa kwechipiri.

Wide Kushanda: Nzira iyi inoshanda kune zvese zvicherwa zvidiki-zvidiki nemafesitiri makuru, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inogoneka pakurapa miswe yecyanide.

Case Studies

Kambani yeGoridhe Mining: Kambani yekuchera goridhe iri mu [nzvimbo chaiyo] yaive neyakakura ye cyanide tailings ine yakakwira cyanide concentration. Vakatora nzira yekurapa yehydrogen peroxide. Nekukwenenzvera maitiro paramita, kusanganisira kugadzirisa pH kusvika 10.5. kuwedzera mhangura sulfate pahuwandu hwe 50 mg / L sechinhu chinokonzera, uchishandisa hydrogen peroxide - ku - cyanide molar ratio ye5: 1. uye vachiitisa 1.5-awa kuita, vakabudirira kudzikisa cyanide kusungwa mumisara kusvika kumatanho ari pazasi pemitemo. Micheka yakabatwa yakachengetwa zvakachengeteka mudziva remachira, uye iyo filtrate yakashandiswa zvakare mukuchera migodhi, ichideredza kushandiswa kwemvura.

A Diki - Scale Mining Operation: Kucherwa kwegoridhe kudiki munzvimbo iri kure kwakatarisanawo nedambudziko recyanide - ine maswe. Nekuda kwezviwanikwa zvishoma, tichifunga nezvekureruka kwayo kwekushanda, vakasarudza nzira yekurapa yehydrogen peroxide. Nekunyatso kudzora huwandu hwehydrogen peroxide yakawedzerwa maererano neyakafungidzirwa cyanide zviri mukati memiswe, kugadzirisa pH neraimu inowanikwa munharaunda, uye kushandisa nyore mechanical stirrer yekusanganisa, vakabudirira kuderedza cyanide toxicity yemaswe. Kunyangwe chiyero chekurapa chaive chidiki, chaive chakakwana kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nenharaunda yezvakatipoteredza zvekuraswa kwemiswe, kuchengetedza nharaunda yakapoteredza kubva pakusvibiswa kwecyanide.

Precautions

Kubata Kwakachengeteka kweHydrogen Peroxide: Hydrogen peroxide ioxidizing agent yakasimba uye inogona kuva nengozi zvakanyanya kana ikasabatwa nemazvo. Vashandi vanobatanidzwa mukurapwa vanofanira kupfeka midziyo yakafanira yekuzvidzivirira nayo, yakadai semagirovhosi, magirazi, uye zvipfeko zvinodzivirira. Kuchengetedzwa kwehydrogen peroxide kunofanirawo kunyatsotevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza kudzivirira kuparara kwetsaona kana kusangana nezvinhu zvinopisa.

Kwakarurama Monitoring: Kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa maitiro ekuita kwakakosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutarisa pH kukosha kweslurry panguva yekuita, kusungirirwa kwehydrogen peroxide uye cyanide, pamwe nekuita tembiricha. Nguva dzose sampling uye kuongororwa kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzira yekurapa inoenderera sezvaitarisirwa uye kugadzirisa nenguva kana zvichidikanwa.

Kuraswa kweTailings dzakabatwa: Kunyangwe mushure mekurapwa, iyo yakasimba miswe inofanirwa kuchengetwa mune yakajairika tailings dziva rinosangana nemamiriro ekunze. Dziva remachira rinofanira kunge riine chimiro chakakodzera chekugadzira kudzivirira kubuda kwezvakasara zvinokuvadza muvhu nemvura yepasi.

Environmental Impact Kuongorora: Usati washandisa nzira yekurapa yehydrogen peroxide, ongororo yezvekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza inofanira kuitwa kuti iongorore zvingangokanganisa mhepo, mvura, uye kunaka kwevhu, pamwe chete nenharaunda yakatenderedza. Kuongorora uku kunobatsira kukwidziridza maitiro ekurapa uye kuve nechokwadi chekutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza.

Mukupedzisa, iyo hydrogen peroxide nzira yekurapa inopa inoshanda uye inoshanda mhinduro yekurapa cyanide tailings. Nekunzwisisa musimboti wayo, kutevedzera matanho ekurapa kwakaringana, tichifunga zvinokonzeresa zvinhu, uye kutora matanho anodiwa, nzira iyi inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza dzinounzwa necyanide tailings, zvichibatsira mukusimudzirwa kwakasimba kweindasitiri yemigodhi nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.