Nzira dzekurapa cyanide tailings nehydrogen peroxide

ziviso

Matope eCyanide anowanikwa kubva mumigodhi yegoridhe nemamwe maindasitiri anoshandisa cyanide mukubvisa matombo. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwemakemikari ane chepfu eCyanide, matope eCyanide anotyisidzira zvakanyanya nharaunda. Kurapa nehydrogen peroxide inzira inoshanda yekugadzirisa matope aya. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora nzira iyi yekurapa zvakadzama.

Nheyo yeHydrogen Peroxide Kurapa

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) chinhu chine simba re oxidizing agent. Pakurapa cyanide tailings, musimboti mukuru ndewekuti Hydrogen peroxide inobatana ne cyanide compounds munzvimbo ine alkaline (kazhinji ine pH ye10 - 11). Inokonzereswa nezvinhu (kazhinji copper ions, Cu²⁺), zvinotevera zvinoitika:

Cyanide (CN⁻) yakasvibiswa kuita cyanate (CNO⁻). Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kungoratidzwa se:

2CN⁻ + 5H₂O₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2CNO⁻ + 6H₂O

Mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, cyanate inogona kuita zvimwe zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya, zvakaita seammonia (NH₃), Carbon dioxide (CO₂), uye nitrogen (N₂).

CNO⁻ + 2H₂O → NH₃ + HCO₃⁻

Zvadaro, ammonia inogona kuwedzera oxidized kana kuputika pasi pemamiriro akakodzera ezvakatipoteredza.

Kurapa Matanho

Kugadzirira Kusviba Kwetsvina : Kutanga, tsvina yecyanide inofanira kugadzirwa kuita slurry. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa nekuwedzera mvura kune tsvina uye kuisanganisa zvakanaka mumudziyo wakakodzera (senge tangi guru rekusanganisa). Kuenderana kweslurry kunogadziriswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hydrogen peroxide nezvidimbu zvine cyanide zvinosangana zvakanaka.

Kugadziriswa kwepH : pH ye cyanide tailings slurry inogadziriswa kuti ienderane ne alkaline range yakakodzera, kazhinji pH 10 - 11. Danho iri rakakosha nekuti oxidation reaction ye hydrogen peroxide ne cyanide inoenderana zvakanyanya nehuwandu hwepH. Lime (Ca(OH)₂) kana sodium hydroxide (NaOH) inowanzo shandiswa kuwedzera pH.

Kuwedzera kweCatalyst : Macatalyst akavakirwa pamhangura, akadai se copper sulfate (CuSO₄), anowedzerwa mu slurry. Maion emhangura anogona kukonzera reaction iri pakati pe hydrogen peroxide ne cyanide, zvichikurumidzisa reaction rate. Kuwanda kwemaion emhangura mu slurry kunowanzo dzorwa pa 50 mg/L. Zvisinei, kana tailings dzatove ne copper yakakwana kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera catalytic, kuwedzera catalyst kungasave kwakakosha.

Kuwedzera Hydrogen Peroxide : Zvadaro, hydrogen peroxide inowedzerwa muslurry. Huwandu hwehydrogen peroxide inowedzerwa hunoenderana nehuwandu hwecyanide mumashure. Chiyero chemolar chehydrogen peroxide kune cyanide chinowanzova pakati pe3:1 - 8:1. Semuenzaniso, kana huwandu hwecyanide mumashure hwakakwirira, chiyero chepamusoro chehydrogen peroxide chinodiwa. Hydrogen peroxide inofanira kuwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma nekukurunga nguva dzose kuti ive nechokwadi chekupararira kwakafanana uye kuita kwakazara.

Kupindura uye Kukurunga : Kukurunga kunoramba kuchikurunga panguva yekupindura kuitira kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti zvinokurunga zvakakwana pakati pezvinokonzera. Nguva yekupindura inosiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekutanga hwecyanide uye zvinangwa zvekurapa, kazhinji kwete pasi peawa 1 - 2. Munguva iyi, hydrogen peroxide inooxidize cyanide kuita zvigadzirwa zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya.

Kupatsanurwa Kwemvura Yakasimba : Mushure mekunge mhinduro yapera, kupatsanurwa kwemvura yakasimba kunoitwa pamatope akagadziriswa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nenzira dzakadai sedimentation mu thickener zvichiteverwa nekusefa uchishandisa filter press. Mvura yakaomeswa yakaparadzaniswa (kureva, matope akagadziriswa) inogona kuraswa zvakachengeteka, semuenzaniso, kuchengetwa mudziva rine madziro akajeka uye rinotariswa. Filtrate, ine cyanide yakaderera nezvimwe zvinhu, inogona kurapwa zvakare kana kushandiswazve mukugadzirwa kana mamiriro ezvinhu achibvumira.

Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kushanda Kwekurapa

Kuwanda kweHydrogen Peroxide : Kana hydrogen peroxide ikawedzerwa zvakanyanya, zvinoita kuti oxidation pacyanide ive nani. Zvisinei, kushandisa hydrogen peroxide zvakanyanya hakungowedzeri mitengo chete asi kunogonawo kukonzera matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza.

Kukosha kwepH : Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, kukosha kwepH ye reaction system kune simba guru pakuita kwe reaction uye kushanda zvakanaka kwayo. Kutsauka kubva pahuwandu hwakanaka hwepH hwe10 - 11 kunononotsa oxidation reaction yecyanide nehydrogen peroxide.

Kuwanda kweCatalyst : Kuwanda kwecatalyst inobva mumhangura kunokanganisa kumhanya kwe reaction. Kana huwandu hwecatalyst hwakanyanya kuderera, reaction inogona kunonoka; kana yakanyanya kukwira, inogona kukonzera mamwe maitiro akaomarara emakemikari uye kuwedzerawo mitengo.

Nguva Yekuita : Nguva yakakwana yekuita inodiwa kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti cyanide yazara neoxidation. Nguva shoma yekuita ichaita kuti cyanide isarambe iri mumarara akarapwa.

Kuwanda kweCyanide Pakutanga : Kana kuwanda kwecyanide pakutanga kwakakwira mumasumbu, zvinova zvakaoma kuti kurapwa kwacho kupere, uye hydrogen peroxide yakawanda uye nguva yekupindura yakareba inogona kudiwa.

Zvakanakira zveHydrogen Peroxide Kurapa

Kushanda Nesimba Kwakanyanya Kwekuoxidation : Hydrogen peroxide inogona kuoxidation nenzira inobudirira mhando dzakasiyana dzecyanide, kusanganisira free cyanide uye mamwe ma complexes esimbi-cyanide, zvichideredza zvakanyanya chepfu yecyanide tailings.

Maitiro Ari Nyore : Kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa cyanide (dzakadai semvura yakaoma yemakemikari kana nzira dzekurapa nehupenyu), maitiro ekurapa nehydrogen peroxide ari nyore kushandisa uye ari nyore kushandisa.

Njodzi Yakaderera Yekusvibiswa Kwechipiri : Zvinobuda muhydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction hazvikuvadzi zvakanyanya. Cyanate yechigadzirwa chepakati inogona kuoreswa kuita zvinhu zvisina chepfu, uye hydrogen peroxide pachayo inoora kuita mvura neokisijeni, zvichideredza njodzi yekusvibiswa kwechipiri.

Kushanda Kwakafara : Nzira iyi inoshanda kune mabasa emigodhi midiki pamwe nemafekitori makuru, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inoshanda pakurapa miswe yecyanide.

Case Studies

Kambani yeMigodhi yeGoridhe : Kambani yekuchera goridhe iri panzvimbo chaiyo yaive nehuwandu hwakawanda hwecyanide tailings ine cyanide concentration yakakwira. Vakatora nzira yekurapa hydrogen peroxide. Nekugadzirisa ma process parameters, kusanganisira kugadzirisa pH kusvika pa10.5. kuwedzera copper sulfate pa 50 mg/L se catalyst, vachishandisa hydrogen peroxide - to - cyanide molar ratio ye5:1. uye kuita 1.5 - awa reaction, vakabudirira kuderedza huwandu hwecyanide mu tailings kusvika padanho riri pasi pemitemo yakatarwa. Migodhi yakarapwa yakachengetwa zvakachengeteka mudziva re tailings, uye filtrate yakashandiswazve mu minering process, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwemvura.

Kuchera Goridhe Zvishoma : Kuchera goridhe zvishoma munzvimbo iri kure kwakasanganawo nedambudziko remasaisai ane cyanide. Nekuda kwekushomeka kwezviwanikwa, tichifunga nezvekureruka kwayo, vakasarudza nzira yekurapa hydrogen peroxide. Nekunyatso dzora huwandu hwehydrogen peroxide yakawedzerwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwecyanide hwakafungidzirwa mumasaisai, kugadzirisa pH ne lime inowanikwa munharaunda, uye kushandisa muchina wekusanganisa, vakabudirira kuderedza chepfu yecyanide yemasaisai. Kunyangwe chiyero chekurapa chaive chidiki, chakakwana kusangana nezvinodiwa zvenharaunda zvekurasa masaisai, kudzivirira nharaunda yakapoteredza kubva pakusvibiswa kwecyanide.

Precautions

Kubata Hydrogen Peroxide Zvakachengeteka : Hydrogen peroxide chinhu chine simba re oxidizing uye chinogona kuva nengozi zvikuru kana chikasabatwa nemazvo. Vashandi vari mukurapwa vanofanira kupfeka michina yakakodzera yekudzivirira, yakaita semagurovhosi, magirazi ekudzivirira, uye mbatya dzekudzivirira. Kuchengetwa kwehydrogen peroxide kunofanirawo kutevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza kudzivirira kuora netsaona kana kusangana nezvinhu zvinobvira moto.

Kutarisa Kwakarurama : Kuramba uchitarisa maitiro ekuita kwemvura kwakakosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutarisa pH yemvura panguva yekuita kwemvura, huwandu hwehydrogen peroxide necyanide, pamwe nekupisa kwemvura. Kutora sampuro nguva dzose nekuongorora kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti kurapwa kuenderera mberi sezvaitarisirwa uye kugadzirisa panguva yakakodzera kana zvichidikanwa.

Kuraswa Kwematsvina Akagadziriswa : Kunyangwe mushure mekurapwa, matsvina akaomarara anofanira kuchengetwa mudziva rematsvina rakajairika rinosangana nezvinodiwa nezvakatipoteredza. Dziva rematsvina rinofanira kuva nechimiro chakakodzera chekudzivirira kubuda kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza muvhu nemumvura yepasi.

Kuongororwa Kwemigumisiro Yenzvimbo : Usati watanga nzira yekurapa nehydrogen peroxide, ongororo yakazara yemigumisiro yenzvimbo inofanira kuitwa kuti iongorore migumisiro yayo pamhepo, mvura, uye mhando yevhu, pamwe chete nenharaunda yakapoteredza. Kuongororwa uku kunobatsira kunatsiridza maitiro ekurapa uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti mitemo yezvakatipoteredza inotevedzwa.

Mukupedzisa, iyo hydrogen peroxide nzira yekurapa inopa inoshanda uye inoshanda mhinduro yekurapa cyanide tailings. Nekunzwisisa musimboti wayo, kutevedzera matanho ekurapa kwakaringana, tichifunga zvinokonzeresa zvinhu, uye kutora matanho anodiwa, nzira iyi inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza dzinounzwa necyanide tailings, zvichibatsira mukusimudzirwa kwakasimba kweindasitiri yemigodhi nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.