Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuqala zosizo lwe-sodium cyanide poisoning

I-Sodium cyanide iyikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu. Ukuyibeka ebucayini kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, futhi izinyathelo zokusiza kuqala ezifika ngesikhathi nezisebenzayo zibalulekile. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe izinyathelo zokusiza kuqala ngenxa yobuthi be -Sodium Cyanide.

1. Ukuphuma Kwendawo Nokuzivikela

• Ukususwa ngokushesha : Uma sekusolwa ukuthi kunobuthi be-sodium cyanide , bobabili umhlengi kanye nesisulu kufanele basuke ngokushesha endaweni lapho kwenzeke khona ubuthi. Isibonelo, uma kuyingozi yefektri lapho kuhileleke khona i-sodium cyanide , shesha uye endaweni enomoya omusha, njengangaphandle noma egumbini elinomoya ohlanzekile kude nomthombo wokungcola. Igesi ye-Cyanide ayixinene kakhulu kunomoya futhi izokhuphuka, ngakho-ke ukuhlala phansi emhlabathini kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuphefumula lapho ukususwa kungenzeki ngokushesha.

• Ukuzivikela : Abahlengi kumele bathathe izinyathelo eziqinile zokuzivikela. Gqoka imishini yokuzivikela efanele, njengezingubo ezingamelana namakhemikhali, imishini yokuphefumula eqinile negesi, kanye namagilavu. Lokhu kungavimbela abahlengi ukuthi bangangenwa ubuthi ngesikhathi senqubo yokutakula. Isibonelo, ezimweni zochwepheshe zokusabela eziphuthumayo, abacishi bomlilo noma abaphathi bezinto eziyingozi bazobe behlonyiswe ngokugcwele ngemishini yokuzivikela enjalo ngaphambi kokungena endaweni yesehlakalo.

2. Khipha Izingubo Ezingcolile bese Uhlanza Isikhumba

• Ukususwa kwezingubo : Uma izingubo zesisulu zingcoliswe yi- Sodium cyanide , kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha. Uma ususa izingubo, qaphela ukuthi ungavumeli ingxenye engcolile ukuthinta isikhumba kakhulu. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa isikele ukusika izingubo esikhundleni sokuzikhumula ekhanda ukuze ugweme ukungcola okwesibili. Faka izingubo ezingcolisiwe ezisusiwe esikhwameni sepulasitiki esivaliwe ukuze zilahlwe kahle.

• Ukuhlanza isikhumba : Ngemva kokususa izingubo, geza ngokushesha indawo yesikhumba engcolile ngamanzi amaningi agelezayo okungenani imizuzu engama-20. Insipho ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ekuhlanzeni uma ikhona. Ezimweni lapho isikhumba sichayeke ezixazululweni ze-sodium cyanide, ukuhlanza ngokuphelele kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukumuncwa kobuthi esikhumbeni.

3. Ukungcoliswa kwamehlo

• Ukuhlanza amehlo : Uma i-sodium cyanide ingena emehlweni, vula amehlo ngokushesha bese ugeza amehlo ngamanzi amaningi agelezayo noma usawoti ojwayelekile okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza kusukela ekhoneni elingaphakathi leso kuya ekhoneni elingaphandle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso bonke beso buhlanziwe. Phakathi nale nqubo, isisulu kufanele sitshelwe ukuthi singahlikihli amehlo aso ukuze sigweme ukulimala okwengeziwe kwezicubu zamehlo.

4. Ukusekelwa Kokuphefumula

• Ukugcina ukuphefumula kahle : Hlola ukuphefumula kwesisulu. Uma isisulu siphilile kodwa sinenkinga yokuphefumula, sisize sithathe indawo egcina umoya uvulekile, njengokugoba ikhanda kancane bese siphakamisa isilevu. Uma isisulu singenalwazi, sibeke ohlangothini lwaso ukuze sigweme ukuminyana nokuhlanza.

• Ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo : Uma kungenzeka, nikeza isisulu umoya-mpilo ogeleza kakhulu ngokushesha okukhulu. Ezimweni zangaphambi kokuya esibhedlela, amasilinda omoya-mpilo aphathekayo angasetshenziswa. Umoya-mpilo ungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-hypoxia ezibangelwa ubuthi be-cyanide. Uma isisulu siyeke ukuphefumula, ukuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula (i-CPR) kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha, kodwa ukuvuselelwa ngomlomo nomlomo kufanele kugwenywe ukuvimbela umhlengi ukuthi angangenwa ubuthi. Esikhundleni salokho, sebenzisa idivayisi yemaski yesikhwama (isikhwama se-ambu) ukuze unikeze umoya-mpilo ngesikhathi se-CPR.

5. Bizela Izinkonzo Zezokwelashwa Eziphuthumayo

• Isaziso esisheshayo : Shayela ngokushesha izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo zasendaweni (njenge-911 kwezinye izifunda) bese usho ngokucacile isimo sobuthi be-sodium cyanide. Nikeza imininingwane efana nendawo yesigameko, inani lezisulu, kanye nesikhathi esilinganiselwe sobuthi. Lokhu kuvumela ithimba lezokwelapha eziphuthumayo ukuthi lilungiselele amakhambi afanele kanye nemishini kusenesikhathi futhi lifike endaweni yesehlakalo ngokushesha okukhulu.

6. Ukwelashwa okusekelwe esibhedlela

• Ukunikezwa kwemithi yokulwa namagciwane : Esibhedlela, odokotela bazonikeza imithi yokulwa namagciwane ethile ngokwesimo sesiguli. Izindlela zokulwa namagciwane ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokubulala ubuthi be-sodium cyanide zifaka phakathi i-sodium nitrite kanye ne-sodium thiosulfate. I-sodium nitrite ingaguqula i-hemoglobin egazini ibe yi-methemoglobin, engahlangana nama-ion e-cyanide ukwakha i-cyanmethemoglobin, kuncishiswe ubuthi be-cyanide. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-sodium thiosulfate isetshenziselwa ukuguqula ama-ion e-cyanide abe yi-thiocyanate engeyona enobuthi ukuze ikhishwe emzimbeni.

• Ukwelashwa okusekelayo : Ngaphezu kokwelashwa okulwa namagciwane, isiguli sidinga nokwelashwa okusekelayo okuphelele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokugcina izimpawu ezibalulekile ezivamile njengokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nomfutho wegazi. Uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni lunganikezwa ukuze kulungiswe ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni kanye nokungalingani kwama-electrolyte. Ezigulini ezinobuthi obukhulu, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe njenge-hemodialysis noma i-hemoperfusion zingacatshangelwa ukusiza ukususa ubuthi emzimbeni.

Sengiphetha, ubuthi be-sodium cyanide buyisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila. Ukwazi nokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zosizo lokuqala ngokushesha kungakhuphula kakhulu amathuba okusinda futhi kunciphise umonakalo obangelwa ubuthi. Kodwa-ke, ukuvimbela ubuthi be-sodium cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile kufanele zilandelwe lapho kusebenzisana nalesi sidakamizwa esinobuthi.