Iqhaza Elibalulekile Le-Sodium Cyanide Ezinqubweni Ze-Electroplating

Isingeniso

I-Electroplating iyinqubo yezimboni esetshenziswa kakhulu yokufaka ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi endaweni engaphansi ngokusebenzisa izindlela ze-electrochemical. Le nqubo ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukubukeka kobuhle be-substrate kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala, ukumelana nokuguga, nezinye izici zemishini. Isodium i-cyanide, isakhi esisebenzayo nesinobuthi, sidlala indima ebalulekile kwabaningi I-Electroplating izicelo. Lesi sihloko sicubungula imisebenzi ethile kanye nokubaluleka kwayo I-sodium cyanide ezinqubweni ze-electroplating.

Umsebenzi Womenzeli Oyinkimbinkimbi

Enye yezindima eziyinhloko ze I-Sodium Cyanide (I-NaCN) ku-electroplating isebenza njenge-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi. Ezihlahleni zokugeza i-electroplating, ama-ion ensimbi asuka kusisombululo sokucwenga adinga ukuthuthwa aye phezu kwe-substrate ukuze afakwe. Kodwa-ke, i-ion yensimbi yamahhala ekuxazululeni ingaholela ekufakweni okusheshayo nokungalingani, okuholela ekugqokeni okumpofu kwekhwalithi. I-sodium cyanide ihlangana nama-ion ensimbi, njengethusi, i-zinc, igolide, nesiliva, ukuze yakhe insimbi ezinzile - izakhiwo ze-cyanide.

Isibonelo, endaweni yokugeza yethusi - electroplating, i-sodium cyanide ihlanganisa ne-copper ions. I-copper ewumphumela - inkimbinkimbi ye-cyanide izinzile kakhulu kwisixazululo uma kuqhathaniswa nama-ion ethusi amahhala. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana. Okokuqala, kunciphisa ukusebenza kwama-ion ensimbi esixazululweni, okubuye kunciphise izinga lokufakwa. Izinga lokubeka elihamba kancane libalulekile ukuze uthole ukunamathela kwensimbi okubushelelezi, okufanayo, nokunamathelayo. Uma izinga lokubeka lishesha kakhulu, ama-athomu ensimbi awanaso isikhathi esanele sokuzihlela kahle endaweni engaphansi, okuholela embotsheni eqinile neyimbobo.

Okwesibili, ama-metal - cyanide complexes ancibilika kakhulu kusixazululo se-plating. Lokhu kuncibilika okuthuthukisiwe kuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuqhubekayo kwama-ion ensimbi ku-cathode (i-substrate ecwetshwayo) phakathi nenqubo ye-electroplating. E-electroplating yegolide, ukwakheka kwegolide - i-cyanide complex ivumela igolide ukuthi lihlale lixazululiwe futhi lifakwe ngokulinganayo ku-substrate.

Ukulungisa i-Cathode Polarization

I-sodium cyanide nayo ithinta kakhulu i-cathode polarization ku-electroplating. I-Cathode polarization ibhekisela ekushintsheni kwamandla e-cathode phakathi nenqubo ye-electroplating ngenxa yokusabela kwe-electrochemical okwenzeka endaweni yayo. Izinga elifanele le-cathode polarization libalulekile ukuze uthole amadiphozithi ekhwalithi ephezulu.

Lapho i-sodium cyanide ikhona ekugezeni kwe-electroplating, yandisa i-cathode polarization. Ama-ion e-cyanide adsorb ebusweni be-cathode, enza umgoqo ovimbela ukunyakaza kwama-ion ensimbi ukuya ku-cathode. Lokhu kwandisa amandla angaphezu kwamandla adingekayo ukuze kwenzeke ukusabela kokufakwa kwensimbi. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-ion ensimbi afakwa kancane kancane futhi ngendlela elawulwa kakhulu.

Kubhavu we-zinc - electroplating, isibonelo, ukuba khona kwe-sodium cyanide njenge-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nomthelela wayo olandelayo ku-cathode polarization kuholela ediphozini ye-zinc enezinhlamvu. Ukwenyuka kwe-cathode polarization kuphoqa ama-ion e-zinc ukuthi afake imali ngenani eliphansi, okuwavumela ukuba azihlele ngendlela ehlelekile endaweni engaphansi, ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise ikhwalithi ye-zinc enamathelayo.

Iphromotha Ukuqedwa kwe-Anode

Ngaphezu kwemiphumela yayo ku-cathode, i-sodium cyanide nayo idlala indima ekukhuthazeni ukuqedwa kwe-anode kuseli ye-electroplating. I-anode ingumthombo wama-ion ensimbi kunqubo ye-electroplating. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokusebenza kahle kwe-electroplating, i-anode kufanele incibilike ngenani eliqinile ukuze igcwalise ama-ion ensimbi adliwe ku-cathode.

I-sodium cyanide isiza kule nqubo ngokwenza insimbi encibilikayo - i-cyanide complexes endaweni ye-anode. Kusethaphu ye-copper - electroplating, i-anode yethusi iyancibilika lapho isabela nge-sodium cyanide. Ukwakheka kwe-copper - cyanide complex endaweni ye-anode kusiza ukuchithwa kwethusi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi kususa ama-ion ethusi endaweni ye-anode ngokushesha nje lapho akhiwa, kuvimbela ukwakheka kwesendlalelo se-passive ku-anode. Isendlalelo se-passive singavimba okunye ukuhlakazeka kwe-anode futhi siphazamise inqubo ye-electroplating. Ngokugqugquzela ukuqedwa kwe-anode, i-sodium cyanide iqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okungaguquki kwama-ion ensimbi kubhavu lokufaka i-electroplating, igcina inqubo yokucwenga ezinzile.

Izicelo Ezinkambisweni Ezihlukene Zokufaka i-Electroplating

Igolide nesiliva Electroplating

I-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni igolide nesiliva electroplating. Embonini yobucwebe, izinto zegolide ezicwecwe zikhiqizwa ngokufaka ungqimba oluncane lwegolide nge-electroplating ensimbi eyisisekelo njengethusi noma isiliva. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide okugeza kwegolide - plating kusiza ekutholeni ukunamathela kwegolide okukhanyayo, okubushelelezi, nokunamathelayo. Igolide - i-cyanide complex eyakhiwe phambi kwe-sodium cyanide ivumela ukulawula okunembayo phezu kokubekwa kwegolide, iqinisekisa ukuthi ungqimba olupuletiwe lunogqinsi nekhwalithi oyifunayo.

Ngokufanayo, ku-electroplating esiliva, i-sodium cyanide yakha i-silver - cyanide complexes, ebalulekile ekuzuzeni ukumbozwa kwesiliva kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kulezi zinqubo ze-electroplating zensimbi eyigugu bekuyindinganiso yemboni isikhathi eside ngenxa yemiphumela emihle kakhulu eyikhiqizayo ngokwekhwalithi yokumboza.

I-Copper Electroplating

Ku-electroplating yethusi, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziselwa ukwakha i-copper - cyanide complexes. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukunamathela kwethusi okubushelelezi nokunamathela kakhulu, njengasembonini yezogesi ukuze kufakwe amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe. I-copper - cyanide complexes eyakhiwe phambi kwe-sodium cyanide yenza ukufakwa kwesendlalelo sethusi esifanayo, okubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhamba kahle kukagesi nokuthembeka kwamabhodi wesifunda.

I-Zinc Electroplating

Nakuba kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa izinqubo ze-non-cyanide zinc - electroplating, i-sodium cyanide isasetshenziswa kwezinye izinki zendabuko - zokugeza i-electroplating. Ku-zinc electroplating, i-sodium cyanide isiza ekuhlanganiseni i-zinc ions ukwakha izinkimbinkimbi ze-zinc - cyanide. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi akuthinti kuphela izinga lokubeka kanye nekhwalithi yokugqoka i-zinc kodwa futhi kusiza ekulawuleni ukubunjwa kwe-coating. Isibonelo, ku-zinc - i-alloy electroplating (njenge-zinc - nickel noma i-zinc - iron alloys), ukuba khona kwe-sodium cyanide kungathonya isilinganiso sezinsimbi ezahlukene ku-alloy deposit, okubuye kuthinte izakhiwo ze-coating yokugcina, njengokumelana nokugqwala nobulukhuni.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha

Nakuba i-sodium cyanide iphumelela kakhulu ezinqubweni ze-electroplating, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iyinhlanganisela enobuthi kakhulu. Ngisho nenani elincane le-sodium cyanide lingaba yingozi uma lingenwa, lihogelwa, noma limuncwa esikhumbeni. Ngakho-ke, eqinile Ukuphepha Izinyathelo kufanele zibe sezindaweni ze-electroplating ezisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide. Izisebenzi eziphethe i-sodium cyanide kumele ziqeqeshwe kahle futhi zihlonyiswe ngezinto zokuzivikela, okuhlanganisa amagilavu, izibuko, nokuvikela ukuphefumula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahlwa kwemfucuza equkethe i-sodium cyanide noma imikhiqizo yayo yokusabela kufanele kulawulwe ngokucophelela ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. I-Cyanide - equkethe amanzi angcolile avela ezinqubweni ze-electroplating idinga ukulashwa ukuze kukhishwe noma kukhishwe ubuthi be-cyanide ngaphambi kokuba ikhishwe. Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa i-chemical oxidation (usebenzisa ama-oxidizing agents njenge-chlorine noma i-hydrogen peroxide) ukuguqula i-cyanide ibe yizinhlanganisela ezinobuthi obuncane.

Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide idlala indima eminingi futhi ebalulekile ezinqubweni ze-electroplating. Njenge-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi, yakha izingxube zensimbi ezizinzile - i-cyanide ezithuthukisa ukunyibilika nokuthuthwa kwama-ion ensimbi kubhavu wokucwenga, okuholela ekugqokeni okufana okufanayo nokunamathela kwensimbi. Iphinde ilungise i-cathode polarization futhi ikhuthaze ukuchithwa kwe-anode, kokubili okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-electroplating. Naphezu kobuthi bayo, lapho isetshenziswa ngokuphepha okufanele kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha kwemvelo, i-sodium cyanide iyaqhubeka nokuba yingxenye ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuningi kwe-electroplating, ikakhulukazi ekubekeni izinsimbi eziyigugu kanye nokufeza ukumbozwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene zezimboni nezokuhlobisa. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo luphinde lugxile ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo ze-electroplating ezihlukile, ezihambisana nemvelo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthembela kule nhlanganisela enobuthi.