Iqhaza Le-Sodium Cyanide Kumakhemikhali Okucubungula Amaminerali

Isingeniso

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) iyikhemikhali ebalulekile emkhakheni wokucubungula amaminerali , naphezu kobuthi bayo obukhulu. Izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile ziyenza ikwazi ukudlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu. Lesi sihloko sigxila emisebenzini ethile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe- sodium cyanide ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali.

Izakhiwo Zamakhemikhali ze-Sodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide iyimpushana emhlophe, eyicrystalline enephunga elincanyana, elibabayo le-alimondi. Incibilika kakhulu emanzini futhi i-hygroscopic, okusho ukuthi imunca kalula umswakama ovela emoyeni. Esixazululweni esinamanzi, iyahlukana ibe ama-ion e-sodium (Na⁺) nama-ion cyanide (CN⁻). I-cyanide ion iwuhlobo olubalulekile olubhekele ukusebenza kabusha kwayo ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa. Inobudlelwane obuqinile be-ion yensimbi ethile, eyenza isisekelo sezicelo zayo.

Iqhaza Ekukhishweni Kwegolide Nesiliva

Ukukhishwa Kwegolide

Enye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokusebenzisa i -Sodium Cyanide ekucubungulweni kwamaminerali iwukukhipha igolide . Le nqubo isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi igolide lingakha ama-complex aqinile nama-ion e-cyanide lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo. Ukusabela okuphelele kungamelwa kanje:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Kule mpendulo, igolide likhishwa umoya-mpilo bese lakha i-complex encibilikayo, i-sodium aurocyanide (Na[Au(CN)₂]). Le complex ingahlukaniswa ne-ore matrix, ngokuvamile ngenqubo yokumuncwa kwi-activated Carbon noma ngokusebenzisa uthuli lwe-zinc ukuze kufakwe i-cementation ukuze kutholakale igolide.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe -Sodium cyanide ekukhishweni kwegolide kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana. Akubizi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ezihlukile. Le nqubo nayo isebenza kahle kakhulu, ikwazi ukubuyisa igolide ematsheni aphansi. Isibonelo, emisebenzini emikhulu yokumba igolide njengaleyo eseNingizimu Afrika nase-Australia, ukukhishwa kwe-cyanide kusetshenziswa kabanzi. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ekukhishweni kwegolide nakho kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngemvelo nokuphepha ngenxa yobuthi bayo.

Ukukhishwa Kwesiliva

Ngokufanayo negolide, isiliva lingakhishwa kusetshenziswa i-sodium cyanide. Isiliva lakha inkimbinkimbi encibilikayo enamayoni e-cyanide, njenge-Na[Ag(CN)₂]. Inqubo yokukhipha isiliva ngokomqondo iyafana neyegolide, ehlanganisa nokucwiliswa kwensimbi nge-cyanide - equkethe isixazululo. Le ndlela iyasebenza ekukhipheni isiliva ezinhlobonhlobo zesiliva - ezithwala ama-ores, kufaka phakathi i-argentite (Ag₂S) nesiliva lempondo (AgCl).

Iqhaza Ekuhlukaniseni Insimbi Nokuhlanzwa

Ukuqedwa Okukhethiwe

I-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa izinsimbi ezithile engxubeni yamaminerali. Isibonelo, kunsimbi eyinkimbinkimbi equkethe ithusi, i-zinc, nezinye izinsimbi kanye nezinsimbi eziyigugu, i-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziswa ukuncibilikisa igolide nesiliva ngenkathi kushiywa ezinye izinsimbi eziyisisekelo ngemuva. Lokhu kukhetha kusekelwe ekuzinzeni okuhlobene kwensimbi - i-cyanide complexes eyakhiwe. Izimo eziqinile zensimbi - i-cyanide complexes ziyahlukahluka, igolide nesiliva zakha izakhiwo ezizinzile, kuyilapho ezinye izinsimbi eziyisisekelo zakha izakhiwo ezizinzile ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Isibonelo, ku-copper - ore yegolide, ithusi lingasuswa kuqala ngezinye izindlela ezifana ne-flotation noma i-acid leaching. Khona-ke, i-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziselwa ukukhipha igolide elisele. Lokhu kuhlakazwa okukhethiwe kuvumela ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kanye nokuhlanzwa kwezinsimbi ezibalulekile ezivela ezinsimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Inkimbinkimbi Yokuhlanzwa

Uma izingxube zensimbi - i-cyanide zakhiwe, zingase zisetshenzwe ukuze zihlanzwe. Isibonelo, esimweni sokukhishwa kwegolide, ngemva kokwakhiwa kwe-Na[Au(CN)₂], inkimbinkimbi ingahlukaniswa nokungcola kwesixazululo. I-cyanide complex ingelashwa nge-ejenti yokunciphisa ukuze kuncishiswe igolide elihlanzekile. Kwezinye izimo, i-metal - cyanide complexes ingasetshenziswa kuzinqubo ze-electroplating. E-electroplating, i-metal - cyanide complex isebenza njengomthombo wama-ion ensimbi. Ama-ion e-cyanide endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi asiza ukulawula izinga lokubeka insimbi ku-substrate, okuholela ekuhlanganisweni kwensimbi okufanayo nokunamathelayo.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha

Naphezu kokusebenziseka kwayo ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali, i-sodium cyanide inobuthi obukhulu. Ngisho nenani elincane lingabulala uma lingenwa, lihogelwa, noma limuncwa esikhumbeni. Emvelweni, uma i-sodium cyanide ikhishwa, ingaba usongo olukhulu ezintweni eziphila emanzini nasezintweni eziphila emhlabeni. I-cyanide ingasabela emanzini yakhe i-hydrogen cyanide (HCN), igesi eguquguqukayo kakhulu futhi enobuthi.

Ukunciphisa lezi zingozi, imithetho eqinile yokuphepha kanye nemvelo ilawula ukusetshenziswa, ukugcinwa, nokuthuthwa kwe-sodium cyanide embonini yokucubungula izimbiwa. Izikhungo zezimayini nezokucubungula kufanele zisebenzise izinhlelo ezifanele zokuvikela nokwelapha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhishwa kwe-cyanide - equkethe imfucuza. Isibonelo, izindlela zokwelapha ezifana ne-alkaline chlorination, i-hydrogen peroxide oxidation, ne-sulphur dioxide - i-air oxidation isetshenziselwa ukudiliza i-cyanide emanzini angcolile ngaphambi kokuba ikhishwe.

Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa, ikakhulukazi ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide nesiliva nasekuhlukaniseni insimbi nasezinqubweni zokuhlanza. Ikhono layo lokwenza ama-complexes azinzile ngama-ion athile ensimbi enza kube i-reagent ephumelelayo. Nokho, ubuthi bayo obudlulele budinga ukuphepha okuqinile nokuphathwa kwemvelo. Njengoba imboni yezimayini iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, kunesidingo esikhulayo sokuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela ezingafinyelela imiphumela efanayo ngaphandle kwezingozi ezihambisanayo zokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide. Noma kunjalo, okwamanje, i-sodium cyanide isalokhu iyikhemikhali ebalulekile ku-toolkit yokucubungula izimbiwa, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulinganiswe ngokucophelela ngokumelene nesidingo sokuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.