Kodi Tizibweza Bwanji Golide ndi Sodium Cyanide?

Introduction

Kubwezeretsa golide pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ndi njira yodziwika bwino m'mafakitale a migodi ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Cyanide ili ndi mphamvu yapadera yopangira zinthu zosungunuka ndi golide, zomwe zimathandiza kuti golide atulutsidwe kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga miyala yotsika, zinyalala, ndi zinyalala zina zamagetsi. Komabe, chifukwa cha poizoni wambiri wa cyanide , njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri komanso kutsatira malamulo achitetezo ndi chilengedwe.

Mfundo Yobwezeretsa Golide ndi Sodium Cyanide

Mu mkhalidwe wake wachilengedwe, golide nthawi zambiri amapezeka wosakanikirana ndi mchere wina mu miyala. Pamene Sodium Cyanide ilowetsedwa mu miyala yokhala ndi golide, pamakhala kusintha kwa mankhwala. Pakakhala mpweya ndi madzi, golide amachita mogwirizana ndi cyanide kuti apange mankhwala osungunuka. Kuchita izi kumasungunula bwino golide mkati mwa cyanide solution, ndikuilekanitsa ndi mchere wina wosasungunuka mu miyala.

Pang'onopang'ono ndondomeko

Kukonzekera Ore

1. Kuphwanya ndi Kupera : Gawo loyamba limaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kukula kwa miyala. Zidutswa zazikulu za miyala zimaphwanyidwa kaye m'zidutswa zazing'ono pogwiritsa ntchito makina ophwanyira. Pambuyo pake, miyala yophwanyidwa imaphwanyidwa kukhala ufa wabwino kwambiri m'mafakitale. Izi zimawonjezera malo pamwamba pa miyala, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kulumikizana bwino pakati pa tinthu ta golide ndi yankho la cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, mu mgodi wamba wa golide, miyalayo imatha kuphwanyidwa mpaka kukula kosakwana 10 mm panthawi yoyamba kuphwanyidwa kenako n’kuphwanyidwa mpaka kukula kwa tinthu komwe pafupifupi 80% ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala tochepera ma micrometer 75 panthawi yophwanyidwa.

2. Kukonza zinthu musanagwiritse ntchito (ngati kuli kofunikira) : Ngati miyalayi ili ndi mchere wa sulfide kapena zinthu zina zodetsa zomwe zingalepheretse kuyamwa kwa cyanide , kukonza zinthu musanagwiritse ntchito kumakhala kofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali pyrite yambiri mu miyalayi, imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi cyanide, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yotulutsa golide. M'mikhalidwe yotere, miyalayi imatha kuwotcha kapena kuwotcha zinthu. Kuwotcha zinthu kumaphatikizapo kutentha miyalayi pamaso pa mpweya kuti isungunuke mchere wa sulfide, pomwe kusungunuka kwa zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya enaake kuti isungunuke mchere wa sulfide pa kutentha kochepa m'njira yosamala chilengedwe.

Kulalikira

1. Kukonzekera Mankhwala a Cyanide : Mankhwala osungunuka a Sodium cyanide amakonzedwa. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a cyanide nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 0.05% mpaka 0.2% (w/v), kutengera mawonekedwe a miyala ndi kuchuluka kwa golide. Laimu nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa ku mankhwala a cyanide kuti asinthe pH kukhala 10 - 11. Malo okhala ndi alkaline awa amathandiza kupewa kupangika kwa mpweya woopsa wa hydrogen cyanide komanso amalimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa golide.

2. Njira Yotulutsira Madzi : Mchere wophwanyika umasakanizidwa ndi yankho la cyanide m'matangi akuluakulu kapena kudzera mu dongosolo lotulutsira madzi mu thanki. Potulutsira madzi mu thanki, osakaniza a mchere ndi cyanide amasunthidwa, kaya ndi makina kapena ndi jekeseni wa mpweya, kuti atsimikizire kuti tinthu tokhala ndi golide timagwirizana bwino ndi cyanide, motero kuwonjezera liwiro la reaction. Potulutsira madzi mu thanki, komwe kuli koyenera kwambiri kwa miyala yotsika, miyala yophwanyika imaunjikidwa pa liner yosalowa madzi, ndipo yankho la cyanide limapopera pamwamba pa muluwo. Yankho limalowa mu thankiyo, ndikusungunula golideyo pamene ikupita patsogolo. Njira yotulutsira madzi imatha kukhala maola angapo mpaka masiku angapo, kutengera zinthu monga mtundu wa thankiyo, kukula kwa tinthu, ndi momwe madzi amatulutsira.

Kupatukana kwa Solids ndi Zamadzimadzi

Kutsatira ndondomeko ya leaching, slurry yomwe imachokera imakhala ndi zinyalala zolimba (tailings) ndi yankho lomwe lili ndi golide - cyanide compound. Kusiyanitsa zinthu zolimba ndi zamadzimadzi ndizofunikira. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga kusefera kapena sedimentation. Posefera, slurry imadutsa muzosefera, monga nsalu zosefera kapena makina osindikizira. Michira yolimba imasungidwa pa fyuluta, pamene yankho lomveka bwino, lotchedwa mimba yothetsera mimba, yomwe ili ndi golidi wosungunuka, imadutsa. Sedimentation imaphatikizapo kulola kuti tinthu tolimba tikhazikike pansi pa thanki chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. Madzi amphamvu kwambiri, mankhwala apakati, amatha kutsanulidwa mosamala.

Kubwezeretsa Golide kuchokera kwa Oyembekezera

1. Kuchuluka kwa Zinc (Njira ya Merrill - Crowe) : Njira imodzi yodziwika bwino yopezera golide kuchokera ku yankho la mimba ndi kuchulukira kwa zinc. Fumbi la zinc kapena zinc shavings zimawonjezeredwa ku yankho. Popeza zinc ndi yogwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa golide, imachotsa golide kuchokera ku golide - cyanide compound. Golideyo kenako imatuluka ngati chinthu cholimba, pamodzi ndi zonyansa zina. Pambuyo pa kuchulukira, chinthu cholimba chimasefedwa ndikukonzedwanso. Golide wotsatirayo wokhala ndi chinthu cholimba amasungunuka kuti apeze golide weniweni.

2. Kutulutsa Mpweya Woyambitsa (Carbon - in - Pulp/CIP ndi Carbon - in - Leach/CIL) : Mu ndondomeko ya CIP, Mpweya woyambitsa umawonjezeredwa ku slurry pambuyo pa gawo la leaching. Mpweya woyambitsa, wokhala ndi malo ake okwera pamwamba, umatengera golide - cyanide compound kuchokera ku yankho. Kenako kaboni - gold compound imalekanitsidwa ndi slurry powunika. Mu ndondomeko ya CIL, mpweya woyambitsa umawonjezeredwa panthawi ya leaching yokha. Mpweya wodzaza ndi golide umachotsedwa pambuyo pake mu dongosolo. Mpweya wodzaza ndi golide umachotsedwa mu dongosololi. Mpweya wodzaza ndi golide umatha kuchotsedwa mu kaboni pogwiritsa ntchito yankho lamphamvu la cyanide kapena zinthu zina zochotsera. Pambuyo pochotsa, golide amatha kubwezeretsedwa kuchokera ku yankho lochotsera kudzera m'njira monga electrowinning kapena mvula yambiri.

Kuyatsa

Golide wopezedwa pambuyo pa mvula kapena kutsatsa nthawi zambiri sakhala wangwiro, wokhala ndi zonyansa monga zitsulo zina komanso zosakhala zitsulo. Kuti mupeze golide woyenga kwambiri (nthawi zambiri 99.9% kapena kupitilira apo), njira zoyenga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yodziwika bwino yoyenga ndiyo kuyeretsa kwa electrolytic. Pochita izi, golidi wodetsedwa amayikidwa ngati anode mu selo la electrolytic, ndipo cathode yoyera ya golide imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Electrolyte yoyenera, monga njira ya golide chloride, imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikadutsa mu cell, golide mu anode amasungunuka ndikuyika pa cathode. Zonyansazo zimakhalabe mu electrolyte kapena kupanga sludge pansi pa selo.

Kuganizira za Chitetezo ndi Zachilengedwe

1. Kuopsa kwa Cyanide : Sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri. Kupuma, kumeza, kapena kukhudzana ndi cyanide pakhungu kumatha kupha. Ntchito zonse zokhudzana ndi cyanide ziyenera kuchitika m'malo opumira bwino, ndipo ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zida zoyenera zodzitetezera, kuphatikizapo zopumira, magolovesi, ndi zovala zodzitetezera. Mapulani othana ndi ngozi ayenera kukhalapo ngati cyanide yatayikira kapena kukhudzana ndi munthu.

2. Zotsatira Zachilengedwe : Cyanide ikhoza kuwononga chilengedwe ngati siisamalidwa bwino. Misomali yochokera mu njira yobwezeretsa golide ikhoza kukhala ndi cyanide yotsala. Misomali iyi iyenera kusungidwa m'malo otetezeka kuti ipewe kutulutsidwa kwa cyanide m'chilengedwe. Njira zochizira, monga kusungunuka kwa mankhwala kapena kuwonongeka kwa zamoyo, zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuswa cyanide m'malo mwake asanatulutsidwe kapena kutayidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyang'anira mosamala magwero a madzi pafupi ndi ntchito zobwezeretsa golide ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe kuipitsidwa kwa cyanide komwe kumachitika.

Kutsiliza

Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kuti apeze golide ndi njira yovuta koma yothandiza. Zimaphatikizapo masitepe angapo, kuyambira kukonza miyala mpaka kukonzanso golide ndi kuyenga. Ngakhale imapereka njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera golidi kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, chitetezo ndi kuopsa kwa chilengedwe ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Potsatira njira zoyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito teknoloji yoyenera, ndikutsatira malamulo, makampani obwezeretsa golide akhoza kupitiriza kugwira ntchito mokhazikika komanso moyenera.