Kodi ndi njira ziti zochotsera sodium cyanide ku michira yagolide?

Introduction

Mu makampani opanga golide, cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yosungunula golide kuchokera ku miyala. Komabe, kupezeka kwa cyanide m'mafupa a matope kumabweretsa zoopsa zazikulu zachilengedwe komanso chitetezo. Chifukwa chake, kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa njira zochotsera Cyanide bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira zosiyanasiyana zochotsera cyanide zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza Golide , cholinga chake ndi kupereka kumvetsetsa kwathunthu kwa njira zomwe zilipo.

Njira ya Alkaline Chlorination

Mfundo

Njira yochotsera chlorination ya alkaline ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa cyanide. Mu njira iyi, ma oxidants ochokera ku chlorine amawonjezeredwa ku slurry ya tailings pansi pa mikhalidwe ya alkaline. Chlorine imachitapo kanthu ndi ma cyanide ions (CN-) kuti apange zinthu zopanda poizoni. Izi zimachitika m'magawo awiri akuluakulu. Mu gawo loyamba, cyanide imasungunuka kukhala cyanate (CNO-), ndipo mu gawo lachiwiri, cyanate imawolanso kukhala mpweya wa nayitrogeni, Carbon dioxide, ndi zinthu zina zopanda vuto.

ubwino

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri : Kungachepetse bwino kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'mafupa agolide kuti kukwaniritse malire oyendetsera ntchito.

• Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito Kwambiri : Yoyenera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ming'alu yokhala ndi kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana kwa cyanide ndi kapangidwe kake.

• Ukadaulo Wokhazikika : Njirayi ikumveka bwino, ndipo pali zambiri zokumana nazo m'mafakitale pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake.

kuipa

• Zinthu Zowononga : Zinthu zowononga zomwe zimachokera ku chlorine zimatha kuwononga zipangizo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zosamalira zikhale zochepa komanso kuti nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo ikhale yochepa.

• Zinthu Zoopsa : Panthawi yochitapo kanthu, pamakhala chiopsezo chopanga zinthu zoopsa monga mpweya wa chlorine ngati njirayi siyendetsedwa bwino.

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Ambiri : Kumafuna kuchuluka kwa ma oxidants okhala ndi chlorine, zomwe zingawonjezere ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Case Phunziro

Mgodi wa golidi umagwiritsa ntchito njira ya alkaline chlorination pochizira cyanide - yokhala ndi michira. Mwa kulamulira mosamala pH ya tailings slurry pafupifupi 10 - 11 ndi kuwonjezera mlingo woyenera wa bleaching ufa (wamba chlorine - zochokera oxidant), okwana sianidi zili mu michira anachepetsedwa kuchokera koyamba ndende ya 200 mg/L kuti zosakwana 0.1 mg/L pambuyo mankhwala. Michira yoyeretsedwayo inakwaniritsa miyezo ya kutulutsa kwachilengedwe.

INCO Njira (Sulfur Dioxide - Air Process)

Mfundo

Njira ya INCO, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sulfure dioxide - air process, ndiukadaulo wina wofunikira wochotsa cyanide. Pochita izi, sulfure dioxide ndi mpweya zimalowetsedwa mu tailings slurry pamaso pa chothandizira zamkuwa. Sulfur dioxide imapangidwa ndi okosijeni kukhala sulphate, ndipo mpweya wa mumlengalenga umathandizira kutulutsa kwa cyanide. Chothandizira chamkuwa chimathandizira kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika, ndikusandutsa cyanide kukhala carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ndi zinthu zina.

ubwino

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Mochepa : Poyerekeza ndi njira zina, imafuna mankhwala ochepa chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya ngati gwero la okosijeni.

• Zinthu Zochepetsa Poizoni : Zimapanga zinthu zochepa zowononga poyizoni poyerekeza ndi alkaline chlorination, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera chilengedwe.

• Mtengo Wogwira Ntchito : Ungakhale wothandiza pa ntchito zazikulu chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika wa sulfure dioxide ndi mpweya.

kuipa

• Kufunika kwa Catalyst : Kufunika kwa catalyst ya mkuwa kumawonjezera zovuta pa ntchitoyi. Catalyst iyenera kusamalidwa bwino ndikuyang'aniridwa, ndipo kutayika kapena kuzimitsa kwake kungakhudze momwe ntchitoyi imagwirira ntchito.

• Kuzindikira pH : Njirayi imakhudzidwa ndi pH ya matope a tailings. Mikhalidwe yabwino ya pH iyenera kusungidwa kuti cyanide ichotsedwe bwino, nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 8 - 9.

• Chiŵerengero Chochepa cha Kuyankha : Chiŵerengero cha kuyankha chimakhala chocheperako poyerekeza ndi njira zina zotulutsira okosijeni, zomwe zingafunike mitsempha yayikulu yoyankha komanso nthawi yayitali yokhalamo.

Case Phunziro

Ntchito yayikulu yokumba golide pakukhazikitsa njira ya INCO. Mwa kukhazikitsa odzipereka anachita dongosolo poyambitsa sulfure woipa ndi mpweya, ndi mosamala kulamulira mkuwa chothandizira mlingo, iwo anatha kuchepetsa ndende cyanide mu michira yawo kuchokera 150 mg/L zosakwana 50 mg/L. Izi zinakwaniritsa zofunikira zamakampani - zovomerezeka zofooka - acid dissociable (WAD) cyanide zofunikira pakutaya michira.

Njira Zochiritsira Zachilengedwe

Mfundo

Chithandizo chachilengedwe cha cyanide - chokhala ndi michira ya golide chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya ndi bowa. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti titha kusokoneza cyanide ngati gwero la nayitrogeni kapena kaboni. Mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya ena amatha kusintha cyanide kukhala ammonia pogwiritsa ntchito enzymatic reaction. Njira yonseyi ndizovuta zomwe zimachitika pazachilengedwe pomwe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timaphwanya molekyulu ya cyanide pansi pazikhalidwe zinazake zachilengedwe monga kutentha koyenera, pH, ndi kupezeka kwa michere.

ubwino

• Wosamalira Chilengedwe : Chithandizo cha tizilombo ndi njira yokhazikika chifukwa sichibweretsa mankhwala ena owopsa m'chilengedwe.

• Mtengo Wotsika : Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikangoyamba kukula, ndalama zogwirira ntchito zimatha kukhala zochepa chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kudzichulukitsa tokha ndikugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zachilengedwe.

• Chithandizo Chosankha : Tizilombo tina tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathe kuwononga cyanide, zomwe zingasiye mchere wina wamtengo wapatali m'malo obisika.

kuipa

• Ndondomeko Yochepa : Njira zamoyo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa zochita pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi njira za okosijeni wa mankhwala. Izi zingafunike ma bioreactors akuluakulu komanso nthawi yayitali yochizira.

• Kusamvana ndi Zochitika Zachilengedwe : Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, pH, ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zina zoopsa m'maselo. Ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kungasokoneze ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yochotsa cyanide.

• Kuvuta Koyambira : Kukhazikitsa chikhalidwe chokhazikika komanso chogwira ntchito bwino cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tiwononge cyanide kungakhale kovuta. Kumafuna kusankha mosamala ndi kuzolowera tizilombo toyenera.

Case Phunziro

Mgodi wa golide poyesera njira yochiritsira zamoyo. Anagwiritsa ntchito bioreactor yopangidwa mwapadera yodzaza ndi mabakiteriya owononga cyanide. Pambuyo pogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kukhathamiritsa kosalekeza kwa chilengedwe mu bioreactor, adatha kuchepetsa ndende ya cyanide mu michira kuchokera 80 mg/L mpaka 10 mg/L. Komabe, njirayi idafunikira miyezi ingapo yoyambira ndikusintha kuti igwire bwino ntchito.

Njira Yotsuka Michira ndi Pond Stripping (WPS).

Mfundo

Njira ya WPS imakhala ndi masitepe awiri akulu: kutsuka kwa ma tailing slurry ndi dziwe kapena tank kuchotsa cyanide. Pakutsuka, ma counter-high-rate thickeners amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka ma tailings slurry. Izi zimathandiza kuchotsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide - yomwe ili ndi yankho kuchokera ku michira. Kusefukira kwa thickener, komwe kumakhala ndi cyanide, kumachotsedwa padziwe kapena tanki. Mukuvula, yankho lolemera la cyanide limawululidwa ndi mpweya kapena zovula zina. Cyanide, mu mawonekedwe a mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, amachotsedwa mu yankho ndipo akhoza kupezedwanso kapena kuthandizidwanso. Madzi ophwanyidwa amatha kubwezeretsedwanso ku malo ochapira, zomwe zimathandiza pakuwongolera madzi bwino.

ubwino

• Kubwezeretsa Zinthu : Njirayi imalola kuti cyanide ibwezeretsedwe, yomwe imatha kubwezeretsedwanso ku njira yochotsera poizoni, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide yonse mu mgodi.

• Kusamalira Madzi : Mwa kubwezeretsanso madzi omwe achotsedwa, zimathandiza kuyendetsa bwino madzi mu ntchito ya migodi, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa madzi abwino komanso kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi otayira.

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zachilengedwe Zomwe Zilipo : Njira ya WPS nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito zida za zomera zomwe zilipo monga zothira madzi ndi dziwe losungira madzi, zomwe zimachepetsa kufunika koyika ndalama zambiri.

kuipa

• Kuvuta kwa Ntchito : Njirayi imafuna njira zingapo ndipo imafuna kuwongolera mosamala magawo monga momwe kutsuka kumagwirira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa kuchotsa, ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi obwezeretsanso.

• Kugwira Ntchito Bwino kwa Cyanide Recovery : Kuchita bwino kwa Cyanide Recovery kungakhudzidwe ndi zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'malo otayira, mtundu wa ntchito zotsuka ndi kuchotsa, komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu zina zosokoneza.

• Fungo ndi Chitetezo : Njira yochotsera mpweya imatha kutulutsa mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, womwe uli ndi fungo lamphamvu komanso woopsa kwambiri. Njira zoyenera zotetezera ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti mpweya usatuluke ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito ali otetezeka.

Case Phunziro

Kampani yopanga migodi ya golide inakhazikitsa ndondomeko ya WPS. Pokonzanso zokhuthala zawo zomwe zidalipo kuti zichapidwe bwino ndikumanga dziwe lovundikirapo kuti achotsere cyanide, adatha kuchira mpaka 70%. Cyanide yopezedwayo idabwezeretsedwanso bwino kudera la leaching, kuchepetsa ndalama zawo zogulira cyanide ndi ndalama zambiri.

Kutsiliza

Kuchotsa cyanide ku michira ya golidi ndikofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso njira zokhazikika zamigodi. Njira iliyonse yochotsera cyanide yomwe ikukambidwa, kuphatikizapo chlorination ya alkaline, ndondomeko ya INCO, chithandizo chamankhwala, ndi ndondomeko ya WPS, ili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake. Kusankhidwa kwa njira yoyenera kwambiri kumatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'michira, kapangidwe ka michira, zida zomwe zilipo, komanso kusanthula mtengo - kupindula. Nthawi zambiri, kuphatikiza kwa njirazi kungafunikire kuti mukwaniritse bwino komanso mtengo wake - kuchotsa cyanide. Pamene makampani amigodi akupitiriza kuyang'anizana ndi kuwonjezereka kwa chilengedwe, kufufuza kosalekeza ndi chitukuko cha matekinoloje ochotsa cyanide ndizofunikira kuti tsogolo likhale loyera komanso lokhazikika.