Emergency Response kune Sodium Cyanide Leakage Tsaona

ziviso

Sodium cyanide ikemikari ine chepfu yakawanda inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai sekugadzira simbi, kugadzira simbi nemagetsi, uye kuchera goridhe. Zvisinei, nekuda kwechepfu yayo yakanyanya, chero kubuda kwe sodium cyanide kunogona kutyisidzira hutano hwevanhu nenharaunda. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kuva nehurongwa hwakanyatsotsanangurwa uye hunoshanda hwekupindura panguva yekukurumidzira huripo pazviitiko zvakadaro.

Zvivakwa uye Njodzi dzeSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ikiristiri chena yakasimba. Inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura uye inogona kuburitsa hydrogen cyanide gasi (HCN) paine maasidhi kana pasi pemamwe mamiriro ekunze. Hydrogen cyanide igasi rinoputika uye rine muchetura zvikuru rine hunhu hunovava - hwemaamanda (kunyangwe asiri munhu wese anogona kuona kunhuwa uku).

Kusangana neSodium Cyanide kunogona kuitika kuburikidza nekufema, kunwa, kana kubata ganda. Kufema gasi rehydrogen cyanide kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvekukurumidza, zvinosanganisira dzungu, musoro, kufema zvishoma, kusimba kwechipfuva, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, uye muzviitiko zvakakomba, zvinogona kutungamira mukurasikirwa nepfungwa, pfari, uye rufu. Kudya Sodium cyanide kunogonawo kuuraya, uye kubata ganda kunogona kukonzera kutsamwa uye kupinza chepfu mumuviri.

Emergency Response Procedus

1. Kutanga Kuona uye Kushuma

• Kuziviswa Pakarepo : Kana pangoonekwa kana kuburitswa kwe sodium cyanide, vashandi vekutanga panzvimbo iyi vanofanira kuzivisa chiitiko ichi kumapoka akakodzera emunzvimbo dzinobatsira mukukurumidzira, akadai sedhipatimendi rekuchengetedza remufekitori, nevakuru vekunze, kusanganisira madhipatimendi emoto emunharaunda, masangano ekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, nemahofisi ekutarisira emergency. Ipa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvenzvimbo yakaburitswa, huwandu hunofungidzirwa hwe sodium cyanide, uye chero zviratidzo zvinooneka zvekukuvadzwa kana njodzi dzinogona kuitika.

• Kuongororwa kweNjodzi : Nyanzvi dzakadzidziswa dzinofanira kukurumidza kuita ongororo yengozi yekutanga. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuona kuti sodium cyanide inobuda mumvura inogona kupararira sei, mukana wekuburitswa kwegasi (kana mamiriro ezvinhu achibatsira kuti hydrogen cyanide iumbwe), uye kukanganisa kunogona kuitika pavanhu vari pedyo, matsime emvura, nenzvimbo dzezvakatipoteredza dzine njodzi.

2. Kubuda uye Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe

• Kubvisa Vanhu : Bvisai vanhu vese vasiri vebasa munzvimbo yakanganiswa uye nzvimbo yakachengeteka yakaipoteredza. Gadzirai nzira dzakajeka dzekubuda dziri pedyo nenzvimbo inodonhedza mvura kuti muderedze njodzi yekusangana nemagasi ane chepfu. Shandisai masisitimu ekutaura, maaramu, uye zviratidzo zvinoonekwa kuti munyevere vanhu. Ipai rubatsiro kune avo vakaremara kana vane zvinodiwa zvakakosha panguva yekubvisa vanhu.

• Kuparadzanisa Nzvimbo : Gadzira nzvimbo inotenderedza nzvimbo inodonhedza mvura kuti isapinde zvisina mvumo. Ukuru hwenzvimbo inodonhedzwa mvura hunofanira kutariswa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita sehuwandu hwesodium cyanide inodonhedza mvura, nzvimbo yacho, uye mafambiro emhepo. Isa zviratidzo nezvidziviriro kuti zvinyatsoratidza nzvimbo yakarambidzwa.

3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) kune Vanopindura

• Dziviriro Yekufema : Vanhu vanopinda munzvimbo ine tsvina vanofanira kupfeka dziviriro yakakodzera yekufema. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira michina yekufema inozvimiririra (SCBA) mumamiriro ezvinhu apo pane njodzi huru yekufema gasi rehydrogen cyanide. Muzviitiko zvisina kunyanyisa apo huwandu hwezvinhu zvinosvibisa zviri mumhepo hwakaderera, ma respirators anochenesa mweya ane ma cartridge akakodzera (akagadzirirwa kusefa ma cyanide compounds) anogona kushandiswa, asi chete mushure mekuongororwa kwenjodzi kwakakodzera.

• Dziviriro yeMuviri : Pfekai masutu asingapindi makemikari anofukidza muviri wese, kusanganisira magirovhosi, bhutsu, uye hood. Masitu aya anofanira kunge asingapindi sodium cyanide uye chero zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvine chekuita nazvo. Iva nechokwadi chekuti PPE yakaiswa zvakanaka uye iri mumamiriro akanaka usati washandisa.

4. Containment of the Leak

• Kubuda Kwemvura Kudiki : Kune kudonha kwemvura mudiki kwe sodium cyanide, zvinhu zvinonyudza mvura zvakaita se activated Carbon , vermiculite, kana jecha zvinogona kushandiswa kunyudza mvura yadeuka. Bvisa zvinhu zvinonyudza mvura wozviisa mumidziyo yakavharwa, yakanyorwa kuti iraswe zvakanaka. Geza nzvimbo yakakanganiswa nemvura yakawanda, uchingwarira kudzivirira mvura kuti isapinde mumigero yemvura kana masisitimu etsvina.

• Kubuda Kwemvura Kukuru : Kana paine kudonha kwemvura kukuru, kuedza kunofanira kuitwa kudzivirira sodium cyanide uchishandisa zvidziviriro zvemuviri. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuvaka madhibhi kana kushandisa mabhumu anonyudza mvura kudzivirira kupararira kwe sodium cyanide yemvura. Kana kudonha kwemvura kwakaitika pedyo netsime remvura, funga nezvekushandisa madhamu anofefeterwa nemhepo kana dzimwe nzira dzekutsausa kuyerera kwemvura yakasviba kubva munzvimbo dzine njodzi. Usaedze kuchenesa kudonha kwemvura kukuru usina kudzidziswa kwakakodzera uye michina. Mirira kusvika kwemapoka enyanzvi ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvine njodzi.

5. Kubvisa tsvina

• Kubvisa utachiona muvanhu : Munhu wese akambosangana nesodium cyanide, kungave kuburikidza nekubata zvakananga kana kuva pedyo nepaburitswa mvura, anofanira kubviswa utachiona. Bvisa mbatya dzese dzakasvibiswa nekukasika wodziisa mumapurasitiki akavharwa. Geza muviri zvakanaka nemvura yakawanda kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu, uchinyatsotarisa nzvimbo dzakadai sekumeso, maoko, uye chero maronda akavhurika. Kana maziso akamboonekwa, adire nemvura yakachena kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Ipa rubatsiro rwechiremba kuvanhu vakaonekwa nekukurumidza.

• Kubvisa tsvina munzvimbo yacho : Mushure mekunge mvura yabuda, nzvimbo ine tsvina inofanira kubviswa tsvina. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kugeza pamusoro penzvimbo nemvura nemushonga we bleach (sodium hypochlorite). Chiyero che bleach nemvura chinofanira kutariswa zvichienderana nekuoma kwetsvina uye kutevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza. Maitiro ekubvisa tsvina anofanira kuitwa nevashandi vakadzidziswa vakapfeka PPE yakakodzera.

6. Kurapwa Kwevanhu Vakafumurwa

• Rubatsiro Rwekutanga Panzvimbo : Ipa rubatsiro rwekutanga nekukurumidza kune avo vakambosangana nesodium cyanide. Tarisa zviratidzo zvekufema uye kurova kwemoyo. Kana munhu wacho asiri kufema, tanga kumutsa mweya wemwoyo (CPR) nekukurumidza. Isa oxygen kana iripo. Usanonoka kutakura munhu wacho kuenda kuchipatara.

• Kurapwa Kwechiremba : Pachipatara, varwere vanogona kurapwa nemishonga chaiyo yekurapa chepfu yecyanide, yakadai sehydroxocobalamin kana sodium nitrite/sodium thiosulfate combinations. Sarudzo yemushonga inoenderana nekuoma kwechirwere uye mamiriro emurwere. Mamwe marapirwo anotsigira, akadai semvura inopinzwa mutsinga, kugadzirisa pfari, uye kugadzirisa metabolic acidosis, anogonawo kudiwa.

7. Environmental Monitoring

• Kutarisa Mhepo : Gara uchitarisa hunhu hwemhepo munzvimbo yakakanganiswa uye yakakomberedza kuti uone kana paine gasi rehydrogen cyanide. Shandisa maturusi ekuongorora gasi anotakurika kuti uverenge huwandu hwegasi munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye panguva dzakasiyana. Gadzira nzvimbo dzakatarwa dzekutarisa kana zvichidikanwa kuti utarise kupararira kwegasi kwenguva refu.

• Kuongororwa kweMvura : Kana mvura yabuda musodium cyanide ichigona kusvibisa manyuko emvura, tarisa hunhu hwemvura iri pasi penzvimbo inobuda mvura. Edza kuona kana paine maion ecyanide mumvura yepamusoro, pasi pevhu, uye chero mvura inoshandiswa kunwa kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha. Bata pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti matanho akakodzera anotorwa kubvisa cyanide mumvura kana yakanganiswa.

8. Kurasa Zvinhu Zvakasvibiswa

• Marara Akaoma : Zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa tsvina, PPE yakashandiswa, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasimba zvakasangana nesodium cyanide zvinofanirwa kuiswa mumidziyo yakavharwa, yakanyorwa. Mamidziyo aya anofanira kutakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yekurasira marara ane njodzi ine rezinesi kuti agadziriswe uye araswe zvakanaka.

• Marara Emvura : Chero marara emvura anogadzirwa panguva yekuchenesa, akadai semvura yakasviba kubva mukubviswa kwetsvina kana mvura inoyerera kubva panzvimbo inobuda mvura, anofanira kuunganidzwa uye kurapwa. Nzira dzekurapa dzingasanganisira makemikari anooxidation (semuenzaniso, kushandisa hydrogen peroxide kana chlorine-based oxidants) kupwanya cyanide compounds kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya. Kana yangogadziriswa, mvura inofanira kuyedzwa kuona kuti cyanide iri mukati memiganhu yezvakatipoteredza inogamuchirika isati yaburitswa.

Post - chiitiko Evaluation

Mushure memhinduro yekukurumidzira kune sodium cyanide kuvuza kwapera, ita yakadzama post - chiitiko chekuongorora. Kuongorora uku kunofanira kusanganisira kuongororwa kwekushanda kwechirongwa chekupindura kwechimbichimbi, kuzivikanwa kwezvikanganiso zvose mukugadzirisa mhinduro, uye kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzekuvandudza. Gadzirisa hurongwa hwekupindura kwechimbichimbi zvichibva pane zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa kubva muchiitiko kuti uwedzere kugadzirira uye kugona kupindura mune ramangwana.

mhedziso

Njodzi dzekuvuza dzeSodium cyanide zviitiko zvine njodzi zvakanyanya zvinoda kukurumidza, kurongeka, uye kurongeka kwakanyatsorongwa mhinduro. Nekutevera maitiro ekupindura kwechimbichimbi atsanangurwa pamusoro, njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda inogona kudzikiswa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti maindasitiri ese anobata sodium cyanide ave nehurongwa hwemhinduro dzekukurumidzira munzvimbo, uye kuti vashandi vagare vachidzidziswa maitiro ekuita kune zviitiko zvakadaro. Pamusoro pezvo, kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa uye kuvandudzwa kwekugona kupindura kwechimbichimbi kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda uye kuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda.