Sodium Cyanide: Chofunikira Chofunikira Pakusungunula Golide Wamakampani

Mu dziko lovuta komanso losangalatsa la Industrial Gold Smelting , Sodium Cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri awa akhala maziko a ndondomeko yochotsera golide kwa zaka zoposa zana, ndipo kufunika kwake kukupitirirabe mu ntchito zamakono zamigodi.

Zoyambira za Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide , yokhala ndi formula ya mankhwala NaCN, ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi gulu la cyano, lomwe lili ndi kaboni ndi nayitrogeni wolumikizidwa katatu. Imapezeka m'njira ziwiri zazikulu m'mafakitale: yolimba ndi yamadzimadzi. Sodium cyanide yolimba nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ngati ma briquette oyera a kristalo, omwe amadziwikanso kuti "cyanoids." Ma briquette awa amasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito migodi ya golide. Madzi Sodium cyanide , kumbali ina, amanyamulidwa kupita kumalo opangira migodi kudzera m'matanki apadera a iso oyenera mayendedwe amisewu kapena sitima. Fomu iyi imalola kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta ndikugawidwa m'migodi yayikulu.

Sodium Cyanide mu Migodi ya Golide: Njira ya Cyanide Leaching process

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito sodium cyanide pochotsa golide kuchokera ku miyala imadziwika kuti Cyanide Leaching kapena cyanidation. Njirayi yasintha kwambiri makampani opanga golide mwa kulola kuti golide atulutsidwe kuchokera ku miyala yotsika mtengo yomwe kale inali yosafunikira ndalama zambiri. Nayi chidule chatsatanetsatane cha momwe njirayi imachitikira:

Kukonzekera Ore

Ulendo wochotsa golide umayamba ndi kukonza miyala. Golide-wokhala ndi miyala ya golide umayamba kuphwanyidwa kukhala ufa wabwino pogwiritsa ntchito makina amphamvu a mafakitale. Njira imeneyi ndi yofunika chifukwa imachulukitsa kwambiri pamwamba pa miyala. Malo okulirapo amalola kulumikizana kwabwino pakati pa ore ndi sodium cyanide solution mu gawo lotsatira la leaching. Mwachitsanzo, pamgodi waukulu wa golide, zophwanyira zazikuluzikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphwanya miyalayo kukhala tinthu ting'onoting'ono, nthawi zina tokhala ngati mamilimita ochepa kukula kwake. Pambuyo kuphwanya, ore akhoza kudutsa zina akupera njira kukwaniritsa kufunika tinthu kukula kwa mulingo woyenera kwambiri cyanide leaching.

Kulalikira

Miyalayo ikakhala mu mawonekedwe abwino a ufa, imawonjezedwa ku njira yowunikira ya sodium cyanide. Pa nthawi ya leaching iyi, chinthu chodabwitsa cha mankhwala chimachitika. Mamolekyu a golidi mu ore amapanga zomangira zolimba kwambiri ndi sodium cyanide, kusandulika kukhala madzi - sungunuka mawonekedwe. The chemical equation pakuchita izi ndi motere: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O = 4Na(Au(CN)₂)+ 4NaOH. Pochita izi, golide amakumana ndi sodium cyanide, oxygen, ndi madzi kupanga golide wosungunuka - cyanide complex, sodium aurocyanide (Na(Au(CN)₂)). Mpweya wa okosijeni umagwira ntchito ngati wothandizira oxidizing, womwe umathandizira kusungunuka kwa golide. Izi zimachitika m'matangi akuluakulu, pomwe ore - cyanide osakaniza amangogwedezeka mosalekeza kuti awonetsetse kuti alumikizana ndikuchita bwino.

Kupatukana

Golidi atasungunuka bwino mu njira yothetsera vutoli, chotsatira chotsatira ndikuchilekanitsa ndi ore otsala ndi zonyansa zina. Pali njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino zokwaniritsira kulekana uku.

Njira imodzi ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito zinki potulutsa golide mumtsukowo. Zinc imawonjezeredwa ku golide - yankho la cyanide, ndipo imakhudzidwa ndi golide - cyanide complex. Pochita izi, zinc imachotsa golide muzovuta, kupanga zinki - cyanide complex ndikutembenuza golide kukhala mawonekedwe olimba. Golide wolimba amatha kupatulidwa mosavuta ndi yankho kudzera mu kusefera kapena njira zina zolekanitsa.

Njira ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito kaboni wokhala ndi activated kuti adsorb golide - cyanide complex kuchokera ku yankho. Mpweya wokhala ndi activated uli ndi malo akulu komanso ogwirizana kwambiri ndi golide - cyanide complex. Njira yothetsera vutoli imadutsa pabedi la carbon activated, ndipo golide - cyanide complex imalowa pamwamba pa carbon. Mpweya wodzaza golide umakonzedwanso kuti atenge golideyo. Izi zitha kuphatikizira njira monga desorption, pomwe golide amachotsedwa mu kaboni pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera yamankhwala, ndikutsatiridwa ndi electrolysis kuti apeze golide woyenga.

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide mu Migodi ya Golide

Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide mumigodi ya golidi kumapereka maubwino angapo omwe apangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino kwambiri pakugulitsa migodi ya golide.

Mtengo - Kuchita bwino

Sodium cyanide ndi yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi njira zina zambiri zochotsera golide. Kuchita bwino kumeneku ndi mwayi waukulu, makamaka kwa makampani amigodi omwe amagwira ntchito zazikulu kapena zotsika mtengo. Mwachitsanzo, pokumba miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe golide imakhala ndi magawo ochepa pa miliyoni imodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zochotsera kungakhale kokwera mtengo kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kumapangitsa kuti golide achotsedwe ku miyalayi pamtengo wokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya migodi ikhale yotheka.

Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri

Cyanide leaching imagwira bwino ntchito pochotsa golide ku miyala yamtengo wapatali. Nthawi zambiri, imatha kukwaniritsa mitengo yotulutsa golide yopitilira 90%. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti golidi wochuluka akhoza kubwezeredwa kuchokera ku miyala, kuonjezera phindu la ntchito ya migodi. Kutha kutulutsa golide wambiri yemwe amapezeka mu miyalayi kumachepetsa zinyalala ndikukulitsa mtengo wazinthu zokumbidwa.

Kutupa

Sodium cyanide imakhala ndi kusungunuka kwabwino m'madzi. Katunduyu amalola kuti ifalikire mwachangu ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi golide mu ore, potero ikufulumizitsa ntchito yochotsa. M'matangi otsetsereka, soluble sodium cyanide imatha kulowa mwachangu mu ore - ufa, kukhudzana ndi tinthu tagolide ndikuthandizira kupangidwa kwa golide wosungunuka - cyanide complex. Mkhalidwe wofulumira wa sodium cyanide umathandizira kuti ntchito yochotsa golide igwire bwino ntchito.

Kuganizira za Chitetezo ndi Zachilengedwe

Ngakhale sodium cyanide ndi chida champhamvu mumigodi ya golide, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Komabe, makampani opanga migodi akhazikitsa njira zotetezeka zowonetsetsa kuti sodium cyanide ikugwira bwino ntchito.

Chitetezo mu Kusamalira

Ku North America ndi Australia, sipanakhalepo imfa yokhudzana ndi cyanide pakati pa ogwira ntchito mumgodi pazaka zopitilira 100, chifukwa cha njira zotetezedwa izi. Pogwira ntchito ya sodium cyanide, ogwira ntchito amafunika kuvala zida zodzitetezera zoyenera. Izi zikuphatikizapo masks oteteza ku fumbi lopangidwa ndi mpweya kapena mpweya wokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa cyanide. Magolovesi ndi zovala zodzitetezera amavalanso kuti asakhudzidwe ndi mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro oyenerera amaperekedwa kwa onse ogwira nawo ntchito pakugwira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Amaphunzitsidwa za kuopsa kwa mankhwala ndi njira zoyenera zothanirana nazo kuti achepetse zoopsa.

Kuwonongeka Kwachilengedwe ndi Kuchepetsa

Kuchokera ku chilengedwe, chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu ndi kuthekera kwa cyanide kulowa m'madzi a pamwamba. Nsomba ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi cyanide kuposa anthu, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika cyanide kumatha kuwononga kwambiri zachilengedwe zachilengedwe. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiwopsezochi, makampani opanga migodi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zowongolera ndi kuchiza cyanide - yomwe ili ndi mayankho.

Migodi yambiri imakhala ndi malo opangira mankhwala kuti athetse cyanide asanatulutse madzi. Zomera zochizirazi zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zamankhwala kuti ziswe cyanide kukhala zinthu zosavulaza. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zosungira zili m'malo kuti aletse kutulutsa mwangozi kwa cyanide - yokhala ndi mayankho. Mwachitsanzo, maiwe okhala ndi mizere ndi akasinja osungira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungirako mankhwala a cyanide, ndipo kuyang'anitsitsa kumachitidwa kuti azindikire kutayikira kulikonse kapena kutaya nthawi.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide yakhala, ndipo ikupitilizabe kukhala, mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri pantchito yamigodi ya golide. Kuthekera kwake kwapadera kutulutsa golide kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali pamtengo wotsika kwambiri kwapangitsa kuti ikhale gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zamakono zokumba golide. Ngakhale kukhudzidwa kwa chitetezo ndi chilengedwe kumakhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake, makampani a migodi apita patsogolo kwambiri pakupanga njira zoyendetsera bwino komanso njira zoyendetsera chilengedwe. Pamene teknoloji ikupitirizabe kusinthika, zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuona ngati njira zatsopano zochotsera golide zikutuluka. Komabe, m'tsogolomu, sodium cyanide ikuyenera kukhalabe gawo lalikulu pakufuna kuvumbulutsa mtengo wa golide kuchokera ku miyala.