Ukukhethwa kweeNdawo zokuBonisa iMfumba kunye nokuBekwa kweeLiner ezisezantsi

Ulwakhiwo lwemfumba lubandakanya ukupakisha iintsimbi ezikrwada okanye iintsimbi ezidityanisiweyo kumgca ongezantsi we Ukukhutshwa kwemfumba indawo ngokwemilinganiselo yejometri eyiliweyo. Imfumba yentsimbi ekrwada eyakhiweyo kufuneka ibonise ukugqwesa okulungileyo kunye okufanayo, kunye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvuza, i-arhente yokukhutshwa kwamanzi inokungena ngokufanayo kuwo wonke umnqamlezo wemfumba yentsimbi ngolwelo olufunekayo - ubungakanani bokusabalalisa. Okwangoku, inqanda izehlo ezinje ngokuwa kwincam yemfumba yentsimbi okanye iwashouts yendawo. Ngoko ke, ingqwalasela enkulu kufuneka ihlawulwe ngexesha lokusebenza. Kwinkqubo yemveliso, kukho olunye uhlobo lwendlela yokuvuza imfumba. Intsimbi ekrwada ekhutshiweyo ithuthwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiqonga lemfumba lokuvuza ukuze livundiswe ngaphandle kokutyunyuzwa kwangaphambili. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuvuza kuyenzeka nakwindawo yokuqhushumba. Ubungakanani bamasuntswana entsimbi ekrwada ngokuqhelekileyo buqala ukusuka kwi-100 ukuya kwi-200 mm okanye nangaphezulu, nto leyo ekhokelela kumjikelo we-leaching onokuhlala isiqingatha sonyaka okanye nangaphezulu. Kuba olu hlobo lwemfumba luvuza lula, alujongwa njengeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokuvuza.

Ukukhethwa kweeNdawo zokuBonisa iMfumba kunye nokuBekwa kweeLiner ezisezantsi

Ukhetho lwe Indawo yokucoca imfumba inxulumene notyalo-mali lweziseko ezingundoqo, kubandakanywa ukusetyenzwa kwesiza, iindlela zothutho, kunye noyilo lwemibhobho. Umgca osezantsi wesiza sokuvuza imfumba kunye nokubekwa kwayo kubalulekile kwimveliso yokuvuza kweemfumba, ngakumbi kwiimfumba ezinkulu. Ngoko ke, umgangatho womgca ophantsi kufuneka uqinisekiswe.

1. IiMfuno eziSisiseko kwiiNdawo zeMfumba yokuLeaching

Isiza kufuneka sibe namandla okwaneleyo okuthwala ukumelana noxinzelelo olupheleleyo lobunzima be-ore kunye nezixhobo zothutho.

Kufuneka ibe nethambeka elithile lendalo, elinceda ukuchetywa kwesiza kunye nokuhamba kokuvuza.

Kufuneka kubekho indawo eyaneleyo yokwakha imfumba kunye neepaseji zothutho. Kwimigodi enesakhono sophuhliso, amathuba okwandiswa kwexesha elizayo nawo kufuneka aqwalaselwe.

2. Ukuchongwa kunye nokuBekwa kweMigqaliselo yeMigangatho yeeNgxowa-mali zokuLeaching

2.1 Ukukhethwa kweMigqaliselo yeMigqaliselo yeeNgxoxo zokuLeaching iMfumba

Iiplatifomu ezisezantsi kwiiplatifti zemfumba zingahlelwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ezisisigxina kunye nezexeshana. Eyangaphambili idinga ixesha elide lokwakha kunye neendleko eziphezulu, okwenza ukuba zilungele imigodi ephakathi ukuya kwenkulu kunye nobomi obude benkonzo. Ngokwahlukileyo, iilayini ezisezantsi zexeshana zisetyenziswa kanye kuphela, zifuna ixesha elifutshane lokwakha, kwaye ziphantsi-indleko. Zifanelekile kwimigodi kunye nobomi benkonzo obungaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5. Ukongeza, indawo engqongileyo nayo idlala indima. Ukuba indawo yolwakhiwo lwendawo yokuvuthela imfumba inciphile, kungakhiwa iqonga elisisigxina leemfumba. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba kukho ithambeka elikhulu lendawo ekufutshane kunye nentsimbi ekrwada - umgama wokuthutha mfutshane, kunokwakhiwa iqonga leemfumba lethutyana.

2.2 Izinto ezininzi eziSetyenzisiweyo eziPhantsi zeLiner

• Udongwe kunye neBentonite: Xa kukho isixa esikhulu sodongwe kufutshane nesiza semfumba, ukusebenzisa umtya wodongwe olusezantsi kulukhetho olufanelekileyo. Lo mgca wezantsi unokudityaniswa ngokwemigangatho emithathu, nganye malunga ne-150 mm ubukhulu. I-permeability coefficient yalo mgca wezantsi ngu-1.0 × 10−7 cm / s, ehlangabezana neemfuno zokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ekubeni i-bentonite (ingakumbi i-sodium - uhlobo) inamanzi anamandla - iipropati zokufunxa kwaye inokwandisa amaxesha angama-10 - 30 kumthamo emva kokufunxa amanzi, ukongeza inani elifanelekileyo (malunga ne-4%) ye-bentonite kudongwe kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukunyanzeliswa kodongwe. Olu hlobo lomgca wezantsi lulula ukubeka kwaye lunexabiso eliphantsi. Isiseko kufuneka sihlanganiswe, kwaye ithambeka kufuneka libe thambileyo ukuthintela ukukhukuliseka komgca ongezantsi ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvuza.

• I-asphalt kunye neConcrete: Xa i-asphalt okanye ikhonkrithi isetyenziswa njenge-liner ephantsi, i-anti-seepage yayo kunye namandla oxinzelelo ihambelana nobukhulu bayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubukhulu buvela kwi-150 ukuya kwi-200 mm. Xa yakhiwe kakuhle, i-coefficient ye-permeability iphakathi kwe-1.0 × 10-9 cm / s kunye ne-1.0 × 10-10 cm / s. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lomgca wezantsi lubiza kakhulu kwaye luvame ukuqhekeka.

• Iifilimu zePolyethylene eziNxinaniswa kakhulu (iiPlates) (HDPE): Xa i-polyethylene ephezulu kunye nezinye izinto zokwenziwa zisetyenziselwa umgca wezantsi, ubukhulu bu-1 - 2 mm kuphela. I-coefficient yayo yokungena ingaphantsi kwe-1.0 × 10−13 cm / s, kwaye ine-puncture ephakathi - amandla okumelana. Ilungele ii-ores ezinobungakanani besuntswana elingaphantsi kwe-20 mm kwaye ingaphinda isetyenziswe ngamaxesha amaninzi. Iipleyiti ezithambileyo ze-polyethylene ezinobuninzi obuphezulu zinokudityaniswa kwi-site usebenzisa i-cyclohexanone. Indlela yokwakha ilula, kodwa iimfuno eziqinileyo zibekwe kumgangatho wee-welds. Kumazwe angaphandle, le mathiriyeli idla ngokukhethwa kwii-liners ezisezantsi zeendawo zokuhlamba imfumba (kubandakanywa nokugqiba - amachibi olwelo).

2.3 IZakhiwo zoMda ongezantsi

• One-Layer Bottom Liners: Xa udongwe, i-asphalt, okanye ikhonkrithi isetyenziselwa i-single-layer bottom liners, ithwala uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye inokulawula uzinzo lwemfumba yentsimbi kunye nesiseko. Xa izinto zokwenziwa zisetyenzisiwe, ngakumbi xa izinto zokwenziwa zibekwe kwisiseko sezinto ezicolekileyo, amandla okunxibelelana aphantsi kakhulu, anokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwemfumba yentsimbi.

• Kabini - IiLiner ezisezantsi: I-Double-layer bottom liners yenziwe ngeentlobo ezimbini ze-bottom-liner materials. Imigangatho emibini inokudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo okanye inomaleko wokuhambisa amanzi okanye umaleko wesithinteli phakathi. Umaleko wokuhambisa amanzi osetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuvuza ungaqokelela kwaye usetyenziswe ngokutsha. Umaleko wokuhambisa amanzi unokwenziwa ngezinto ezifana nesanti ecolekileyo, kwaye ukongezwa kwayo kunokuphucula ukuzinza kwemfumba yentsimbi. Umaleko ongaphezulu we-double-layer bottom liner idla ngokuba ngumaleko we-cushion osebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwe-leachate, ngelixa umaleko ongezantsi ngumaleko okhuselayo ukuthintela ukuvuza kwesisombululo kwindawo engqongileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umaleko osebenzayo we-double-layer bottom liner yenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa ezifana ne-HDPE kunye ne-PVC, kwaye i-backup layer yenziwe ngodongwe.

• Triple-Layer Bottom Liners: I-Triple - i-layer bottom liners ihlala iqulunqwe ngumaleko omnye we-PVC okanye i-HDPE ipleyiti ethambileyo kunye nemigangatho emibini yodongwe, okanye imigangatho emibini yePVC kunye nodongwe olunye. Kukho ukuba nokwenzeka okuphezulu kwentsimbi ekrwada - ukutyibilika kwemfumba ngeentambo eziphindwe kathathu. Ukuthintela i-sliding, ubuncinane enye i-drainage layer kufuneka ibonelelwe phakathi kwe-bottom - i-liner layers. Ii-triple - layer bottom liners azisetyenziswa kakhulu.

2.4 UkuBekwa kweeLiner ezisezantsi

Itekhnoloji yokubeka kunye nomgangatho womgca ongezantsi uchaphazela kakhulu umsebenzi wayo. Xa ubeka i-liner ephantsi yodongwe, kuyimfuneko ukuphepha ixesha lemvula okanye elomileyo ukuthintela umgca ongezantsi ekuqhekekeni ngenxa yokulahleka kwamanzi. Indlela ethile kukuqala ukubeka umaleko ngodongwe, bentonite, okanye imisila ecolekileyo kwisiseko, uyihlanganise, uze ubeke iifilimu zeplastiki okanye amaphepha erabha, yongeza umaleko wodongwe okanye isanti ecikizekileyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ugubungele umaleko wentsimbi ekrwada enkulu njengomgangatho okhuselayo.

Xa kukho ukuhluka kobude kwisiseko, ukubekwa kwezinto zokwenziwa - ii-liners ezisezantsi kufuneka ziqale ukusuka kwindawo esezantsi kwaye ziqhubele phezulu. Kuphephe ukwenza imibimbi. Umatshini we-roller ongenamthungo unokusetyenziselwa ukubekelwa, kwaye i-welding ikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo kwi-site. Ii-welds kufuneka zifanane, kwaye ulwalathiso lwazo lwelungiselelo kufuneka lube nge-perpendicular kwindlela enokwenzeka yokuhamba yemfumba ye-ore. Ukongeza, indawo yokubeka yomgca ongezantsi wesiza sokuvuza kufuneka ibe nkulu kancinane kuneyona ndawo isezantsi yemfumba yentsimbi.