Iingqwalasela ezibalulekileyo zokusetyenziswa kweArhente yeSodium Cyanide Leaching

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide ibaluleke kakhulu i-arhente evuzayo ekukhutshweni kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, ingakumbi kwishishini lemigodi yegolide. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu kunye nemingcipheko enokubakho kokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko, ingqwalasela engqongqo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwisicelo sayo. Eli nqaku lichaza ngokubanzi malunga nezilumkiso zokusetyenziswa kwe sodium cyanide ngeenkcukacha.

1. Amanyathelo okhuseleko

1.1 Ukwazisa ngetyhefu

Isodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu. Ukusezela umoya, ukungenwa, okanye ukudibana nolusu kunokukhokelela kwityhefu eyingozi. I-cyanide ngaphakathi kwayo inokuthintela umsebenzi oqhelekileyo we-enzyme ephambili kumzimba womntu oyimfuneko ekuphefumleni kwamaselula. Oku kuphazamiseka kunokubangela ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufa kwiimeko ezinzima. Umzekelo, kwezinye iingozi zemigodi apho Isodium cyanide ukuvuza, abasebenzi abangakhuselwanga ngokufanelekileyo bahlaselwe yityhefu ebukhali yecyanide, beneempawu ezifana nesiyezi, isicaphucaphu, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa zingqondweni.

1.2 Izixhobo zoKhuseleko zoMntu (PPE)

Ukuphatha abasebenzi Isodium cyanide kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngePPE efanelekileyo. Oku kuquka igesi - iisuti eziqinileyo zokukhusela iikhemikhali, iimaski zegesi ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ezinezihluzo ezenzelwe ukuvala icyanide, iikhemikhali - iiglavu ezixhathisayo (ezifana neeglavu zenitrile), kunye nezibuko zokhuseleko. Phambi kokuqalisa umsebenzi, abasebenzi kufuneka baqeqeshwe ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo kwePPE. Umzekelo, xa ufaka imaski yegesi, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukungangeni komoya ngokuphefumlela kunye nokuphefumlela nzulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho moya wangaphandle uvuzayo.

1.3 UCwangciso lweeNjongo eziNgxamisekileyo

Iinkampani ezisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka zibe nezicwangciso zokuphendula ezingxamisekileyo. Ezi zicwangciso kufuneka zibandakanye iinkqubo zokujongana nokuchitheka, ukuvuza, kunye neziganeko zetyhefu. Izixhobo zoncedo lokuqala ezine-cyanide antidotes (ezifana ne-hydroxocobalamin) kufuneka zifumaneke lula kwisiza. Kwimeko yesiganeko sobuthi, ngokukhawuleza unyango lokuqala kufuneka lunikezelwe, kwaye iinkonzo zonyango eziphuthumayo kufuneka zibizwe ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Uqeqesho kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abaqeshwa banolwazi ngeenkqubo zokusabela kwimeko kaxakeka.

2. ImiGaqo yokuGcina

2.1 Indawo yoGcino

Isodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo, nengena umoya kakuhle. Ifanele igcinwe kude kwimithombo yobushushu, ekutshiseni, nakwilanga elithe ngqo. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ibe yodwa kwi-acids, i-oxidizing agents, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokusabela ngayo. Umzekelo, ukuba i-sodium cyanide idibana neeasidi, kuya kuveliswa irhasi yehydrogen cyanide enetyhefu kakhulu. Indawo yokugcina impahla kufuneka kwakhona ixhotyiswe ngokuvuza-ubungqina kunye nomhlwa - imigangatho ekwazi ukumelana nokugcinwa kwayo.

2.2 IiMfuno zokuPakisha

Isodium cyanide ikholisa ukupakishwa kumagubu entsimbi atywiniweyo okanye izikhongozeli ezinemigca zeplastiki. Ukupakishwa kufuneka kubhalwe ngokucacileyo kunye neempawu ezilumkisayo ezibonisa ubuthi bayo kunye nolunye ulwazi olufanelekileyo. Ukuhlolwa okuthe gqolo kokupakishwa kufuneka kuqhutywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza okanye umonakalo. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu zokuvuza ezifunyanisiweyo, isikhongozelo kufuneka sigqithiselwe ngokukhawuleza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kwaye kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuthintela nokucoca.

3. ImiGaqo yokuSebenza

3.1 Ulawulo lokuMamela

Kwinkqubo ye-leaching, ulawulo olungqongqo lwe-sodium cyanide concentration lubalulekile. Ugxininiso olufanelekileyo lumiselwa yimiba efana nodidi lwentsimbi ekrwada, ubukho beeminerali ezinxulumeneyo, kunye nendlela yokucoca. Ngokubanzi, kwimigodi yegolide, ukuvuza kwemfumba, ukuxinana kwesodium cyanide kwisisombululo se-leaching kuhlala kuluhlu oluphakathi kwe-0.05% - 0.1%, ngelixa ukuphazamisa ukuvuza kwe-flotation concentrates, ugxininiso oluphezulu lunokufuneka. Nangona kunjalo, ugxininiso oluphezulu kakhulu alunyusi nje iindleko kuphela kodwa lukhokelela kwiingozi ezinzulu zokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ugxininiso luphantsi kakhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu.

3.2 pH Ulawulo

Ixabiso le-pH lesisombululo se-leaching linempembelelo enkulu ekuzinzeni kwe-sodium cyanide. I-Cyanide ihlala izinzile kwindawo ye-alkaline. Kwimeko-bume eneasidi, iya kusabela ukwenza igesi eguquguqukayo neyityhefu kakhulu yehydrogen cyanide. Ngoko ke, ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca, i-pH yesisombululo idla ngokugcinwa kwinqanaba le-alkaline kakhulu, kwaye i-lime iyongezwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukulungisa nokugcina i-pH. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwixabiso le-pH kuyimfuneko, kwaye uhlengahlengiso kufuneka lwenziwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngokweziphumo zokubeka iliso.

3.3 Ukuphazamiseka nokuphefumla

Ukuphazamiseka okufanelekileyo kunye nokungenisa umoya kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni impumelelo yenkqubo yokufundisa. Ukuphazamiseka kunceda ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo isisombululo se-sodium cyanide kunye ne-ore particles, ukwandisa indawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwabo. I-Aeration ibonelela nge-oksijini efunekayo kwi-oxidation yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphazamiseka okugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukutshiza kwesisombululo, ukonyusa umngcipheko wokuvezwa, kunye nokuphefumla okungafanelekanga kunokukhokelela ekungeneni ngokwaneleyo. Ubunzulu besiphithiphithi kunye nokungenisa umoya kufuneka kwandiswe ngokweempawu ezithile zentsimbi ekrwada kunye nezixhobo zokuvuza.

4. Imiqathango yoKhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo

4.1 Ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka

Amanzi amdaka avela ngexesha lenkqubo ye-sodium cyanide leaching iqulethe i-cyanide kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Ngaphambi kokuba ikhululwe, kufuneka ifumane unyango olungqongqo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo. Iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-chemical oxidation (efana nokusebenzisa i-chlorine okanye i-hydrogen peroxide kwi-oxidize cyanide kwizinto ezingenayo ityhefu), unyango lwe-biological (ukusebenzisa ii-microorganisms ezithile ukubola i-cyanide), kunye neendlela ze-physical - zekhemikhali (ezifana nokutshintshiselana kwe-ion kunye ne-adsorption). Amanzi amdaka acociweyo kufuneka abekwe esweni rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo wecyanide kunye namanye amanqanaba ongcoliseko angaphakathi koluhlu oluvumelekileyo.

4.2 ULawulo lweNkunkuma eZinzi

Inkunkuma eqinileyo, efana neentsalela zezimbiwa ezinentsalela yesodium cyanide, nayo ifuna ukulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Iintsalela zezimbiwa kufuneka zigcinwe kumadama eentsalela zezimbiwa eziyilwe ngokukodwa kunye nemilinganiselo elungileyo yokuchasana nokuvuza ukuthintela ukuvuza kwecyanide emhlabeni namanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Kwezinye iimeko, i-tailings inokuphinda iqhutywe ngakumbi ukunciphisa umxholo we-cyanide okanye ukubuyisela isinyithi esixabisekileyo. Ukubekwa esweni rhoqo kwamadama eentsalela zezimbiwa kunye nokusingqongileyo kubalulekile ukuze kubonwe naziphi na iingxaki ezinokubakho zongcoliseko ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

5. Ukuthotyelwa koMgaqo

5.1 Ilayisensi kunye neMvume

Iinkampani ezisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka zifumane iilayisensi eziyimfuneko kunye neemvume ngokuhambelana nemithetho kunye nemimiselo efanelekileyo. La maphepha-mvume ahlala equka iimvume zokusingqongileyo, iilayisensi zemveliso yokhuseleko, kunye neemvume zokusebenza kwemichiza eyingozi. Inkqubo yesicelo idla ngokufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nesikali semveliso yenkampani, iindawo zokugcina, amanyathelo okhuseleko, kunye nezicwangciso zokusingqongileyo.

5.2 Uhlolo lwarhoqo

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo ngabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa. Olu hlolo lubandakanya imiba efana neemeko zokugcina i-sodium cyanide, ukuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo okhuseleko, ukunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo, kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Iinkampani kufuneka zisebenzisane ngokusebenzayo nohlolo kwaye zenze ulungiso kwangethuba kuyo nayiphi na imiba engahambelaniyo echongiweyo.

Ukuqukumbela, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide njenge-agent leaching kufuna ingqalelo epheleleyo kukhuseleko, ukugcinwa, ukusebenza, ukukhuselwa kwendalo, kunye nokuthotyelwa kokulawula. Kuphela ngokulandela ngokungqongqo la manyathelo okhuseleko anokuqinisekiswa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa ngelixa kuncitshiswa iingozi ezinokubakho kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.