Iingqwalasela ezibalulekileyo zokusetyenziswa kweArhente yeSodium Cyanide Leaching

INUkuveliswa

I-sodium cyanide yiarhente ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhuhla kwiZinyithi eziBalulekileyo , ingakumbi kwiShishini lokuMimba iGolide . Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba inetyhefu ephezulu kunye neengozi ezinokubakho kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko , kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokungqongqo ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Eli nqaku lichaza ngokweenkcukacha amanyathelo okhuseleko okusebenzisa i -sodium cyanide .

1. Amanyathelo okhuseleko

1.1 utyhefu Ukwazisa

I-Sodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu . Ukuphefumla, ukuginya, okanye ukudibana nayo eluswini kunokukhokelela kwityhefu enkulu . I- cyanide engaphakathi kuyo inokuthintela ukusebenza kwe- MA ye-enzyme ephambili emzimbeni womntu ebalulekileyo ekuphefumleni kweseli. Oku kuphazamiseka kunokubangela ukufuthaniseka ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufa kwiimeko ezinzima. Umzekelo, kwezinye iingozi zemigodi apho i-Sodium Cyanide ivuza khona, abasebenzi ababengakhuselekanga ngokufanelekileyo babenetyhefu ye-cyanide ebukhali , eneempawu ezifana nesiyezi, isicaphucaphu, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa yingqondo.

1.2 Isixhobo sokuKhusela (PPE)

Abasebenzi abaphatha iSodium cyanide kufuneka baxhotyiswe ngePPE efanelekileyo. Oku kuquka iisuti zokukhusela iikhemikhali eziqinileyo, iimaski zegesi ezisebenzayo kakhulu ezinezihluzo ezenzelwe ukuvimba iCyanide , iiglavu ezimelana neekhemikhali (ezifana neeglavu zeNitrile ), kunye neeglasi zokhuseleko . Ngaphambi kokuba basebenze , abasebenzi kufuneka baqeqeshwe ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwePPE. Umzekelo, xa befaka i-tin kwimaski yegesi, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba akukho moya ungena ngokuphefumla nangokuphefumla nzulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho moya wangaphandle uvuzayo.

1.3 Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza Cwangciso

Iinkampani ezisebenzisa iSodium Cyanide kufuneka zibe nezicwangciso zokuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka eziphuhlisiweyo kakuhle . Ezi zicwangciso mazibandakanye iinkqubo zokujongana nokuchitheka, ukuvuza, kunye neziganeko zokutyhefa. Iikiti zoncedo lokuqala ezixhotyiswe ngamayeza okulwa neCyanide (ezifana ne-hydroxocobalamin) kufuneka zifumaneke lula kwindawo leyo. Kwimeko yesiganeko sokutyhefa, kufuneka kunikwe unyango loncedo lokuqala ngoko nangoko, kwaye kufuneka kubizwe iinkonzo zonyango zikaxakeka ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Uqeqesho kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzi baqhelene neenkqubo zokuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka.

2. Amanyathelo okhuseleko

2.1 Indawo yokuGcina

I-Sodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo yokugcina izinto epholileyo, eyomileyo, nengena umoya. Mayigcinwe kude nemithombo ye -HEA t, i-ignition, kunye nelanga elithe ngqo. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka yahlulwe kwi -asidi , ii-Oxidizing Agents , kunye nezinye izinto ezinokusabela kuyo. Umzekelo, ukuba i-sodium cyanide idibana nee-asidi, igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi kakhulu iya kuveliswa. Indawo yokugcina izinto kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngemigangatho engavuziyo kwaye inganyangekiyo kukubola kunye nemigangatho yokugcina izinto.

2.2 Packagingiimfuno

I-sodium cyanide idla ngokuba yi-PAC kage kwiidrama zesinyithi ezivalwe ngokuqinileyo okanye kwizikhongozeli zeplastiki ezifakwe iplastiki. Iphakheji kufuneka ibhalwe ngokucacileyo ngeempawu zesilumkiso ezibonisa ubuthi bayo kunye nolunye ulwazi olufanelekileyo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwephakheji kufuneka kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza okanye monakalo. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu zokuvuza ezifunyenweyo, isitya kufuneka sidluliselwe ngokukhawuleza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okugcina kunye nokucoca.

3. ImiGaqo yokuSebenza

3.1 Ulawulo lokuMamela

Kwinkqubo yokukhupha amanzi , ulawulo oluqinileyo loxinzelelo lweSodium cyanide lubalulekile. Uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo lumiselwa zizinto ezifana nohlobo lwe-ore, ubukho beMinerals eziNxulumeneyo , kunye nendlela yokukhupha amanzi . Ngokubanzi, kwiGold Mining , kwiHeap leaching , uxinzelelo lwesodium cyanide kwisisombululo sokukhupha amanzi ludla ngokuba phakathi kwe-0.05% - 0.1%, ngelixa kwi-agitation le ACH ing yeFlotation Concentrates , uxinzelelo oluphezulu lunokufuneka. Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu alunyusi nje iindleko kodwa lukhokelela nakwiingozi ezinzulu ze-env iron kunye nokhuseleko. Kwelinye icala, ukuba uxinzelelo luphantsi kakhulu, i- Leaching Efficiency iya kuncipha kakhulu.

3.2 Ulawulo lwe-pH

Ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo sokukhuhla linegalelo elikhulu ekuzinzeni kwe - Sodium cyanide. I-Cyanide ihlala izinzile kwindawo yesinyithi ye -alkaline . Kwindawo yesinyithi ye-acidic , iya kusabela ekwenzeni igesi ye-Hydrogen cyanide eguquguqukayo neyingozi kakhulu . Ke ngoko, ngexesha leNkqubo yokuKhuhla , i-pH yesisombululo idla ngokugcinwa kwinqanaba le-alkaline ephezulu, kwaye iLime idla ngokufakwa ukuze kulungiswe kwaye kugcinwe i-pH. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwexabiso le-pH kuyimfuneko, kwaye uhlengahlengiso kufuneka lwenziwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngokweziphumo zokujonga.

3.3 Ukuphazamiseka nokuphefumla

Ukuvuselela nokungenisa umoya ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuKhuhla . Ukuvuselela kunceda ukusasaza ngokulinganayo isisombululo seSodium cyanide kunye namasuntswana e-ore, kwandisa indawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwazo. Ukuvuselela umoya kubonelela ngeoksijini efunekayo ukuze kufakwe i-oxidation yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhuhla. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvuselela okugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukutshiza kwesisombululo, okwandisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa , kwaye ukungenisa umoya okungafanelekanga kunokukhokelela ekukhuhleni okungonelanga. Ubunzulu bokuvuselela nokungenisa umoya kufuneka buphuculwe ngokweeMpahla ezithile ze-ore kunye nezixhobo zokukhuhla.

4. Ukukhuselwa kwendalo Ukuqapha

4.1 Unyango lwamanzi amdaka

Amanzi amdaka aveliswa ngexesha leNkqubo yokuLeaching ye-sodium Cyanide aqulathe i-cyanide kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Ngaphambi kokuba akhutshwe, kufuneka aphathwe ngokungqongqo ukuze ahlangabezane nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo. Iindlela zokuNyanga eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-Chemical oxidation (njengokusebenzisa i-Chlorine okanye i-hydrogen peroxide uku-oxidation ye-cyanide kwizinto ezingezizo iityhefu), unyango lwebhayoloji (ukusebenzisa iintsholongwane ezithile ukubola i-cyanide), kunye neendlela zomzimba-zekhemikhali (ezifana nokutshintshiselana kwee-ion kunye ne -Adsorption ). Amanzi amdaka acociweyo kufuneka ajongwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo we-cyanide kunye namanye amanqanaba ongcoliseko angaphakathi koluhlu oluvumelekileyo.

4.2 ULawulo lweNkunkuma eZinzi

Inkunkuma eqinileyo, efana neentsalela ze-sodium cyanide, nayo kufuneka ilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo. Iintsalela ze-osylvation mazigcinwe kwiindadi ze-osylvation ezenziwe ngokukodwa kunye namanyathelo alungileyo okulwa nokuvuza ukuthintela ukuvuza kwe-sylvation emhlabeni namanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Kwezinye iimeko, iintsalela ze-osylvation zinokucutshungulwa ngakumbi ukunciphisa umxholo we-sylvation okanye ukubuyisa izinyithi ezixabisekileyo. Ukubeka esweni rhoqo amachibi eesilvation kunye nokusingqongileyo okungqongileyo kubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe naziphi na iingxaki zongcoliseko olunokubakho ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

5. ukuthotyelwa komthetho

5.1 Ilayisensi kunye neMvume

Iinkampani ezisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka zifumane iilayisenisi kunye neemvume ezifunekayo ngokuhambelana neMithetho nemigaqo efanelekileyo . Ezi layisenisi zihlala ziquka iimvume zokusingqongileyo, iilayisenisi zokuvelisa ukhuseleko, kunye neelayisenisi zokusebenza kweekhemikhali eziyingozi . Inkqubo yesicelo idla ngokufuna ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nobukhulu bemveliso yenkampani, izibonelelo zokugcina , amanyathelo okhuseleko , kunye nezicwangciso zokukhusela okusingqongileyo.

5.2 Uhlolo lwarhoqo

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo ngabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo boLawulo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuThotyelwa kweMithetho . Olu hlolo lugubungela iinkalo ezifana neemeko zokugcina i-sodium cyanide, ukuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo okhuseleko , unyango lwamanzi amdaka kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo, kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi. Iinkampani kufuneka zisebenzisane ngokukhutheleyo nokuhlolwa kwaye zenze utshintsho ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imiba engathobeliyo echongiweyo.

Ukuqukumbela, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide njenge- Leaching agent kufuna ingqalelo epheleleyo kukhuseleko, ukugcinwa, ukusebenza, uKhuseleko lweNdalo , kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho . Kuphela ngokulandela ngokungqongqo la manyathelo okhuseleko apho ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha kungaqinisekiswa khona ngelixa kunciphisa iingozi ezinokubakho kwiMpilo yoLuntu nakwindalo esingqongileyo.