Umkhuba Wokukhiqiza Wokwelapha Amanzi Angcolile e-Sodium Cyanide Nge-Hydrogen Peroxide

Isingeniso

I-sodium cyanide iyikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezinjengezimayini, i-electroplating, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, amanzi angcolile akhiqizwa kulezi zinqubo aqukethe ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-cyanide, ebeka usongo olukhulu endaweni ezungezile nempilo yabantu uma engelashwanga ngendlela efanele. Ukwelashwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide kuye kwavela njengendlela ephumelelayo nephephile uma kuqhathaniswa nokubhekana nayo - I-sodium cyanide - equkethe amanzi angcolile. Lesi sihloko sicubungula umkhuba wokukhiqiza wokusebenzisa hydrogen peroxide ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile anjalo, okuhlanganisa izici ezisuka ezimisweni zokusabela ukuya ezinqubweni zangempela zokusebenza.

Izimiso Zokusabela

I-oxidation ye-Cyanide nge-Hydrogen Peroxide

Ukusabela phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide kanye I-Sodium Cyanide iyinqubo yokunciphisa i-oxidation. Esixazululo esinamanzi, i-hydrogen peroxide isebenza njenge-oxidizing. I-oxidize i-cyanide ion ibe yizinto ezinobuthi obuncane kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, i-hydrogen peroxide iphula isibopho esiqinile ngaphakathi kwe-ion ye-cyanide. Ikhabhoni eku-cyanide ifakwa kwi-oxidation ibe yisimo se-oxidation ephakeme, yakhe i-ion eyingozi kancane, futhi i-nitrogen ikhishwa njengegesi. Lokhu kusabela kubalulekile njengoba kunciphisa kakhulu ubuthi bamanzi angcolile.

Iqhaza lama-Catalysts (Ongakukhetha)

Kwezinye izimo, ama-catalysts angangezwa ukusheshisa ukusabela phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide. Isibonelo, ama-ion ensimbi athile angasebenza njengama-catalyst ohlelweni lokusabela olufana nokusabela kwe-Fenton. Ama-Catalysts ehlisa umgoqo wamandla wokusabela, okuvumela i-oxidation ye-cyanide ukuthi yenzeke ngokushesha kakhulu ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwe-hydrogen peroxide. Kodwa-ke, lapho usebenzisa ama-catalyst, izici ezifana nenani le-catalyst elingeziwe, ukulawulwa kwe-pH, kanye nokungcoliswa kwesibili okungaba khona okuvela ezinsalela ze-catalyst kudingeka kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela.

Ukugeleza Kwenqubo Kumkhuba Wokukhiqiza

Ukulungiswa Kwamanzi Angcolile

Ngaphambi kokwelashwa nge-hydrogen peroxide, faka i-sodium cyanide - okuqukethe amanzi angcolile ngokuvamile kudinga ukwelashwa kusengaphambili. Lesi sinyathelo sihlose ukulungisa inani le-pH lamanzi angcolile libe ibanga elifanele. Imvamisa, i-pH ilungiswa ibe yi-alkaline kancane, cishe ku-8 - 10. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi Ukusabela kwe-Oxidation phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide iphumelela kakhulu endaweni ene-alkali. Ukwengeza, ukwelapha kusengaphambili kungase kuhlanganise ukususa ukungcola okunosayizi omkhulu, okuqinile okumisiwe, nezinye izinto ezingase ziphazamise inqubo yokwelapha elandelayo. Izindlela zokuhlunga njengezihlungi zesihlabathi noma izihlungi ze-membrane zingasetshenziswa kule njongo.

Ukwengezwa kweHydrogen Peroxide

Inani elifanele le-hydrogen peroxide libe selifakwa emanzini angcolile agaywe ngaphambilini. Umthamo we-hydrogen peroxide unqunywa ngokusekelwe ekugxilweni kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile. Ngokuvamile, izibalo zenziwa kuqala ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Kodwa ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, kuvame ukungezwa ngokweqile kwe-hydrogen peroxide ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-oxidation ephelele ye-cyanide. Ukugcwala kwe-hydrogen peroxide esetshenziswa ezimbonini kuvamise ukuba ku-30% - 50%. Ukwengezwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide kungafezwa ngamaphampu emitha, angalawula ngokunembile izinga lokugeleza kanye nenani le-hydrogen peroxide engena egazini. Ukwelashwa Amanzi ithangi.

Ukusabela kanye Ukuxuba

Ngemva kokwengeza i-hydrogen peroxide, amanzi angcolile adinga ukuxutshwa kahle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngisho nokuxhumana phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide. Ukuxuba kungafezwa ngokusebenzisa ama-agitator emishini, izixube ezishayelwa umoya, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Isikhathi sokuphendula siyahlukahluka kuye ngezici ezifana nokugxiliswa kwe-cyanide kokuqala, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokuba khona kwama-catalysts. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokusabela singasukela emahoreni ambalwa kuye kwayishumi nambili. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lokuphendula libuye libe yisici esibalulekile. Nakuba ukusabela kungase kwenzeke ekamelweni lokushisa, ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile (ngokuvamile lingeqi ku-50°C) kungasheshisa izinga lokusabela. Nokho, amazinga okushisa aphakeme ngokweqile angabangela ukubola kwe-hydrogen peroxide, kunciphise ukusebenza kwayo ekwelapheni i-cyanide.

Thumela - ukwelashwa

Uma ukusabela sekuphelile, izinyathelo zokwelashwa ziyadingeka. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zokuthunyelwe - izindlela zokwelapha ukususa i-hydrogen peroxide esele. I-hydrogen peroxide eyeqile emanzini angcolile ahlanziwe ingaba yingozi endaweni ezungezile futhi ingase iphazamise izinqubo zokwelashwa ezilandelayo zebhayoloji uma amanzi angcolile ezophinde ahlanzeke ohlelweni lokwelapha lwebhayoloji. I-hydrogen peroxide eyinsalela ingabola ngokwengeza izinto ezinciphisayo njenge-sodium sulfite noma ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokubola. Ngemva kokukhipha i-hydrogen peroxide esele, amanzi angcolile acociwe abe esedlula okuqinile - ukuhlukaniswa okuwuketshezi ukuze kukhishwe noma yiziphi izibindi noma izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe ezakhiwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Amathangi okudiliza, izinto zokuntanta, noma amayunithi okuhlunga angasetshenziselwa lokhu. Okokugcina, amanzi angcolile acociwe ayahlaziywa ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi ukugxilwa kwe-cyanide kuyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso ezifanele zokulahla.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Ezithinta Ukwelapha Ngempumelelo

Inani le-pH

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, inani le-pH lamanzi angcolile linomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokwelashwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide. Endaweni ene-asidi, i-hydrogen peroxide ingase ibole ngokushesha ibe amanzi nomoya-mpilo, inciphise amandla ayo okukhipha i-cyanide. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, endaweni ene-alkaline kakhulu, izinga lokusabela phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide nalo lingathinteka. Ibanga le-pH elilungile lokusabela phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide ngokuvamile liba phakathi kuka-8 - 10. lapho ukusabela kungaqhubeka kahle futhi ukubola kwe-hydrogen peroxide kuncishiswe.

Temperature

Izinga lokushisa lidlala indima ebalulekile esivinini sokusabela. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa ngokuvamile kusheshisa ukusabela phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide. Nokho, njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukubola kwe-hydrogen peroxide nakho kuba okuphawulekayo. Lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-50°C, ukubola kwe-hydrogen peroxide kungase kusheshe kangangokuthi kunciphisa inani le-hydrogen peroxide elitholakalayo ekwenzeni i-cyanide oxidizing. Ngakho-ke, ekukhiqizeni okungokoqobo, izinga lokushisa lidinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele ukulinganisa izinga lokuphendula kanye nokuzinza kwe-hydrogen peroxide.

Ukugxila kweCyanide neHydrogen Peroxide

Ukuhlangana kokuqala kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile kunquma inani le-hydrogen peroxide elidingekayo ukuze kufakwe i-oxidation ephelele. Ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-cyanide kudinga i-hydrogen peroxide eyengeziwe. Uma isilinganiso se-hydrogen peroxide singanele, i-oxidation ye-cyanide izobe ingaphelele, okuholela emanzini angcolile ahlanzekile angahlangabezani nezindinganiso. Ngokuphambene, ukwengeza i-hydrogen peroxide eningi akukhulisi nje kuphela izindleko zokwelashwa kodwa futhi kudinga okuthunyelwe okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu - ukwelashwa ukuze kukhishwe okweqile. Ngakho-ke, ukunquma ngokunembile ukugxila kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile kanye nokulungisa ngokufanelekile umthamo we-hydrogen peroxide kubalulekile ekwelapheni okuphumelelayo.

I-Case Study Embonini Yezimayini

Emsebenzini wokumba igolide, inani elikhulu le-sodium cyanide lisetshenziswa enqubweni yokukhipha igolide, likhiqiza amanani abalulekile e-cyanide - equkethe amanzi angcolile. Imayini yamukela inqubo yokwelapha esekelwe nge-hydrogen peroxide. Okokuqala, amanzi angcolile aqoqwa ethangini elikhulu lokugcina. I-pH yamanzi angcolile yalungiswa yaba ngu-9 kusetshenziswa umcako. Ngemva kwalokho, i-hydrogen peroxide engu-35% yengezwa emanzini angcolile ngephampu yokukala. Inani elingeziwe libalwe ngokusekelwe ekugxilweni kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile, nokudlulela kancane ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-oxidation ephelele.

Amanzi angcolile axutshwe kusetshenziswa i-agitator engumshini amahora angu-8. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lesistimu yokusabela lagcinwa liba ngu-35 ° C ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokupholisa nokushisa. Ngemva kokusabela, i-sodium sulfite yanezelwa ukubola i-hydrogen peroxide esele. Amanzi angcolile ahlanzekile abe esethunyelwa ethangini lokuthungatha ukuze ahlukanise uketshezi oluqinile. I-supernatant yahlaziywa, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukugcwala kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile ahlanzekile kwehle ukusuka enanini lokuqala elingu-500 mg/L kuya ngaphansi kuka-0.5 mg/L, kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zendawo zokuchithwa kwemvelo. Leli cala libonisa ukuphumelela kwenqubo yokwelashwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide endaweni yangempela yezimboni zomhlaba.

Isiphetho

Ukwelashwa nge-hydrogen peroxide I-Sodium Cyanide Wastewater iyindlela esebenzayo nephumelelayo ekukhiqizeni izimboni. Ngokuqonda izimiso zokusabela, ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwenqubo, nokulawula izici ezibalulekile njenge-pH, izinga lokushisa, imithamo ye-reagent, ukwelashwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwe-cyanide - okuqukethe amanzi angcolile kungafinyelelwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokulungiswa kuyadingeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa okuzinzile kanye nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yemvelo. Njengoba izidingo zemvelo ziba namandla, indlela yokwelapha nge-hydrogen peroxide yamanzi angcolile e-sodium cyanide kulindeleke ukuthi idlale indima ebaluleke nakakhulu ekuvikeleni indawo ezungezile.