Zotsatira za Kutentha Kwapamwamba Kwambiri pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

Introduction

Mu ndondomeko yochotsera golide , Sodium Cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chotulutsira golide chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kupanga zinthu zokhazikika ndi golide. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza kudalirika kwachuma komanso kuwononga chilengedwe kwa ntchito zofukula golide. Kuchotsa golide pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi njira imodzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya kuchotsa golide kuchokera ku miyala. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe kuchotsa golide pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kumakhudzira kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium cyanide.

Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide mu Kutulutsa Golide

Sodium cyanide imayanjana ndi golide pamaso pa mpweya kuti ipange mankhwala osungunuka omwe amalola golide kuti atulutsidwe mu miyala. Kuwerengera kwa electrochemical kukuwonetsa kuti mwa lingaliro, magalamu 0.92 a sodium cyanide amafunika kuti asungunuke gramu imodzi ya golide. Komabe, popanga mafakitale enieni, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kumakhala kokwera kwambiri kuposa mtengo uwu wamalingaliro, nthawi zambiri nthawi 50 - 100. Kusiyana kwakukulu kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka m'migodi yeniyeni, monga momwe zimachitikira ndi mchere wina mu njira za miyala ndi mankhwala zomwe zimachitika panthawi yochotsa miyala.

High - Kutentha Leaching Njira

Kutentha kwapamwamba-kutentha kumachitika pamtunda wokwera, nthawi zambiri kuposa kutentha kozungulira. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuwonjezera ntchito ya ayoni mu ore - leaching solution system. Pochita izi, imathandizira zomwe zimachitika pakati pa leaching agent, sodium cyanide, ndi golide mkati mwa ore. Mwachitsanzo, pankhani ya miyala ya golide, kutentha kwambiri kumatha kuwononga miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe imakutira golide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide azipezeka mosavuta ndi ma cyanide ions kuti amuchotse.

Kutengera Kwapamwamba - Kutentha Kutsika pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

1. Kuchulukitsa Kuchitapo kanthu

Pa kutentha kwakukulu, mphamvu ya kinetic ya ma molekyulu a reactant imawonjezeka. Izi zimabweretsa kugunda pafupipafupi komanso kwamphamvu pakati pa mamolekyu a sodium cyanide, mamolekyu a okosijeni, ndi tinthu tating'ono ta golide mu ore. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka komwe golide amasungunuka mu sodium cyanide solution kumathamanga. Pamene kuchuluka kwazomwe zikuchitika mwachangu, golide wochulukirapo amatha kusungunuka panthawi imodzi. Ngati cholinga chake ndikutulutsa golide wina, kutentha kwapamwamba kungafunike nthawi yocheperako. Mwachidziwitso, izi zitha kuchepetsa kumwa konse kwa sodium cyanide popeza njira ya leaching imatha mwachangu, kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe sodium cyanide imadziwika ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kumwa kwake.

2. Cyanide Hydrolysis

Cyanide amakumana ndi mankhwala otchedwa hydrolysis mu yankho, ndipo kukula kwa hydrolysis uku kumakhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Pamene kutentha kumakwera, hydrolysis ya cyanide imawonekera kwambiri. Pa 100 ° C, theka la ayoni a cyanide amatayika, ndipo pa 130 ° C, 85% ya iwo amatayika. Hydrolysis iyi imapanga hydrocyanic acid, yomwe sikuti imangopangitsa kuti sodium cyanide iwonongeke komanso imayika chiwopsezo chachikulu cha chilengedwe komanso chitetezo chifukwa hydrocyanic acid ndi mpweya wapoizoni kwambiri. M'malo otentha kwambiri, ngati kutentha sikuyendetsedwa bwino, kuchuluka kwa hydrolysis ya sodium cyanide kumatha kulimbikitsa kwambiri kumwa kwake.

3. Kuchita ndi Associated Minerals

Miyala yambiri ya golidi imakhala ndi mchere wina, monga pyrite, pyrrhotite, ndi copper sulfide. Maminolo ogwirizanawa amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi sodium cyanide. Kutentha kokwera, kuchuluka kwa ma minerals omwe alibe golide ndi sodium cyanide kumatha kuwonjezeka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sodium cyanide yochulukirapo idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhudzana ndi mcherewu, ndikusiya kukhalapo kochepa pochita ndi golide. Kuphatikiza apo, zina mwazomwezi zitha kutulutsa - zinthu zomwe zitha kusokoneza njira yotulutsa golide. Mwachitsanzo, sulfure - yomwe ili ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwa amatha kuvala pamwamba pa tinthu tagolide, kulepheretsa ayoni a cyanide kufika ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi golide.

4. Kusungunuka kwa Oxygen

Oxygen ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga golide - cyanide leaching reaction chifukwa imagwira ntchito ngati okosijeni. Komabe, kusungunuka kwa okosijeni m’madzi kumachepa pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka. Pa 100 ° C, mulibe mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi. Pamwamba - kutentha leaching, ngati kutentha kuyandikira kuwira kwa madzi, kusowa kwa oxygen wokwanira kusungunuka kungachepetse makutidwe ndi okosijeni a golide. Kuti muchepetse kusungunuka kwa okosijeni, njira zina zoonjezera monga kuonjezera kupanikizika pang'ono kwa okosijeni kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ma okosijeni ena pangafunike. Koma ngati mpweya ukhalabe wosakwanira, kutulutsa kwa golide kumachepa, ndipo sodium cyanide yochulukirapo ikhoza kudyedwa poyesa kuyendetsa zomwe zikuchitika.

Mlanduwu Studies

Mu mgodi wina wa golide, njira yachikhalidwe yochotsera cyanide m'chipinda ndi kutentha imagwiritsa ntchito 2.5 kg ya sodium cyanide pa tani imodzi ya ore. Pamene njira yochotsera chapamwamba kwambiri inayambitsidwa, poyamba, chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa golide, nthawi yochotsera chaching'ono inachepetsedwa kuchoka pa maola 48 kufika pa maola 24. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuwongolera kutentha kosayenera, kutentha kwa leaching kufika pa 80 °C, hydrolysis ya sodium cyanide inawonjezeka kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kunakwera kufika pa 3.0 kg pa tani imodzi ya ore. Pambuyo pokonza njira yochotsera chaching'ono kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kuwongolera kutentha pafupifupi 60 °C ndikuwonjezera zoletsa kuti zichepetse hydrolysis ya cyanide, Kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium Cyanide kunachepetsedwa kufika pa 2.0 kg pa tani imodzi ya ore pamene ikusungabe kuchuluka kwa golide.

Kutsiliza

Kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri kumakhala ndi zovuta pakugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide pochotsa golide. Kumbali imodzi, imatha kufulumizitsa golide - leaching reaction, yomwe ingathe kuchepetsa kumwa kwa sodium cyanide ikayendetsedwa bwino. Kumbali ina, kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa cyanide hydrolysis, kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mchere wogwirizana, ndi kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa okosijeni, zonse zomwe zingapangitse kuti sodium cyanide idye kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, ndikofunikira kukhathamiritsa magawo azinthu, monga kuwongolera kutentha kwanthawi zonse, mpweya wokwanira, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera kuti mulepheretse cyanide hydrolysis ndi zochita zosafunikira ndi mchere wogwirizana. Njirayi ingathandize kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa kukonza bwino ntchito ya golide ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide, kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka chuma ndi chilengedwe pa ntchito za migodi ya golide.