Ndi sodium cyanide yochuluka bwanji yomwe imafunika kuti gilamu imodzi ya golide isungunuke?

Pankhani yochotsa golide ndi kukonza, kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium Cyanide kusungunula golide ndi njira yodziwika bwino. Sodium cyanide, momwe gawo la (CN) ₂ nthawi zambiri limatchedwa pseudohalogen chifukwa cha zinthu zofanana ndi halogens, pamodzi ndi zinthu monga (SCN) ₂, zimayambitsidwa mu gawo lina la "Inorganic Chemistry" pamlingo wa yunivesite. Mwamakhalidwe komanso motengera katundu, NaCN imatha kufananizidwa ndi NaCl, ndipo ili m'gulu lazinthu zopanga zinthu.

Njira Yonse Yosungunula Golide ndi Sodium Cyanide

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito sodium cyanide Kusungunula golide kumaphatikizapo kusunga pH ya 11 - 12. Kuwonjezera pang'ono ya hydrogen peroxide ndi gawo la ndondomekoyi. Golide - wokhala ndi zinthu zofunika kuviika kwa masiku angapo. Pambuyo pake, waya wa zinc amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa. Tiyenera kutsindika kuti njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi sodium hypochlorite kuti okosijeni isawonongeke.

Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zochotsera golide wa cyanide: Percolation Cyanide Leaching ndi Kuthamanga kwa Cyanide Leaching.

Percolation Cyanide Leaching

Percolation cyanide leaching imaphatikizapo leaching tank ndi leaching mulu. Tank leaching in percolation nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza golide - mchenga wokhala ndi mchenga komanso wocheperako - ma calcine okhala ndi tinthu tating'ono - 3 + 0mm. Poyendetsa milu ya miyala yamtengo wapatali ya golidi yotsika, kutengera kukula kwa golide wachilengedwe komanso kulimba kwa miyalayo, miyalayo nthawi zambiri imaphwanyidwa kuchepera 50mm (kapena 10mm) pasadakhale. Kuchepa kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kwa midadada ya ore, m'pamenenso golide amatsika kwambiri. Pa percolation cyanide leaching, ndende ya Sodium cyanide kawirikawiri ndi 0.03% - 0.2%. Zizindikiro za percolation cyanide leaching zimatengera zinthu monga kukula kwa golide, zomwe zili mu sulfide, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta miyala, kuchuluka kwa ma percolation, nthawi yotulutsa, kuchuluka kwa cyanide agents, komanso kuchuluka kwa kutsuka kwa zotsalira za leaching. Pochiza golide - kukhala ndi mchenga wa quartz, kuchuluka kwa golide kumatha kufika 85% - 90%; pamene tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, kutsika kwa golide kumatsika mpaka 60%. Panthawi ya percolation cyanide mulu leaching, golide ali mu njira yoyembekezera amakhala otsika, ndipo nthawi zambiri, activated carbon adsorption chofunika kuti kulemeretsa. Golide amachotsedwa mu njira yapakati yomwe imachokera pakuwonongeka kwa golide - wodzaza kaboni ndi electrowinning kapena zinc m'malo.

Kuthamanga kwa Cyanide Leaching

Agitation cyanide leaching nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowoleza golidi - wokhala ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yokhala ndi tinthu tating'ono tochepera 0.3mm. Njira yothamangitsira imachitika mu thanki yoponderezedwa - mpweya wothamangitsa mpweya, thanki yoyendetsa makina, kapena thanki yosokoneza. Njira yotulutsa madzi imaphatikizapo maopareshoni monga olimba - kulekanitsa zamkati zamadzimadzi, zotsukira - kutsuka kwapano, kusintha kwa ufa wa zinki m'malo mwa njira yapakati, ndi kusungunula matope agolide. Kuchuluka kwa zamkati za leached nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosakwana 30% - 33%. Pamene zili ndi matope ambiri, ndende ya leached zamkati ayenera kukhala zosakwana 22% - 25%. Pa ntchito, laimu anawonjezera kusintha pH wa zamkati 9 - 12. Air mlandu kukhala mulingo woyenera chiŵerengero pakati kusungunuka mpweya ndende ndi sodium cyanide ndende mu zamkati. Kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide mu zamkati nthawi zambiri kumakhala 0.02% - 0.1%. Ma concentrators ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chipwirikiti cha cyanidation amatengera njira yotsuka kuti alekanitse njira yapakati ndi zotsalira za leaching. Njira zochapira zitha kugawidwa mu decantation, kusefera, ndi fluidized - kuchapa bedi. Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi njira yopititsira patsogolo - Current decantation method (CCD method). Ma thickeners omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira imeneyi amatha kugawidwa m'magulu amodzi - osanjikiza komanso amitundu yambiri. Ma cyanide concentrators ambiri ku China amagwiritsa ntchito 2 - 3 - thickeners osanjikiza kuti akhale olimba - olekanitsa madzi ndi kutsukira mosalekeza - kutsuka kwapano. Njira yothetsera mimba yomwe yapezeka imafotokozedwa bwino, kusefedwa, ndi kuchotseratu okosijeni isanatumizidwe kuti ikalowe m'malo mwa ufa wa zinc. Matope agolide omwe adapezeka amasungunuka kuti apeze dore (golide - aloyi yasiliva).

Udindo wa Alkaline Pretreatment

Kuonjezera sodium hydroxide pa pretreatment alkaline kumatha kufooketsa kapena kuthetsa kutengera kwa zinthu zovulaza mu ore, kukonza malo otsetsereka, ndikupeza zotsatira zabwinoko. Maminolo monga pyrite, sphalerite, ndi chalcopyrite omwe amapezeka mumtsuko wa ore amatha kupanga ayoni owopsa monga Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, S²⁻, ndi Cu²⁺. Ngati palibe alkali - kuphatikiza kowonjezera kumachitidwa, ma ion owopsawa amadya kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi mpweya wosungunuka panthawi ya cyanide leaching, kulepheretsa kwambiri kusungunuka kwa golide ndikupangitsa kuti kuchepa kwa golide kutsika. Munthawi ya alkali - kuwonjezera pretreatment, Cu²⁺ ndi Zn²⁺ amapanga insoluble hydroxide precipitates, ndipo S²⁻ imapangidwa ndi okosijeni kupanga SO₃ ndi SO₄²⁻, kuchepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide. Fe (OH) ₃ imapanga filimu yotetezera pamwamba pa mchere monga pyrite, kuteteza kutsekemera kwake mofulumira komanso kusungunuka kwina, motero kuchepetsa kumwa kwa CN⁻.

Kuchuluka kwa Sodium Cyanide Yofunika Kusungunula Golide

Zowerengera zikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 100 - 300 magalamu a sodium cyanide amafunikira kuti asungunuke gramu imodzi ya golide. Ndalamazi zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zingapo monga mtundu wa chitsulo, kufinya kwa tinthu tagolide, ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pomaliza, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide mu Kuwonongeka kwa Golide Ndi njira yothandiza, ndikofunikira kulabadira chitetezo ndi kuteteza chilengedwe chifukwa cha kawopsedwe ka sodium cyanide. Njira zachitetezo zolimba komanso kuwongolera moyenera njira zothetsera zinyalala ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse zovuta zomwe zingawononge thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe.