Kufotokozera kwa Chitetezo cha Sodium Cyanide

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, monga kukumba golide, kupanga ma electroplating, ndi kupanga mankhwala. Chifukwa cha poizoni wake woopsa kwambiri, njira zotetezera ziyenera kutsatiridwa posamalira, kusunga, kunyamula, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuti ateteze thanzi la anthu ndi chilengedwe. Nkhaniyi ikupereka malangizo okwanira okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino Sodium cyanide.

Kumvetsetsa Makhalidwe a Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide ndi chinthu choyera, chosungunuka m'madzi chomwe chili ndi mphamvu zochepa. Ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo chingayambitse mavuto oopsa kwa anthu. Kupuma, kumeza, kapena kukhudzana ndi Sodium Cyanide pakhungu kungayambitse poizoni woopsa. Chimaletsa ma enzymes opumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamagwire bwino ntchito mkati mwa maselo. Ngakhale mlingo wochepa wa 50 - 100mg ungayambitse imfa yadzidzidzi. Kuphatikiza apo, sodium cyanide ikakhudzana ndi ma acid, imapanga mpweya woopsa kwambiri wa hydrogen cyanide komanso woyaka.

Kutsatira Koyang'anira

Malamulo a Dziko ndi Padziko Lonse

Mayiko padziko lonse lapansi akhazikitsa malamulo okhwima okhudza kupanga, kusunga, kunyamula, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) yakhazikitsa miyezo yeniyeni yokhudza malire okhudzana ndi kukhudzana ndi zinthu ndi njira zotetezera kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide . Mu European Union, lamulo la REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) limayang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoopsa zotere mosamala. Ku China, "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" limapereka malamulo okhwima pa chilichonse chokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide.

Zilolezo ndi Chilolezo

Mabungwe onse omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kupanga, kusungirako, kuyendetsa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ayenera kupeza zilolezo ndi ziphaso zofunikira molingana ndi malamulo amderalo. Zilolezozi zimatsimikizira kuti malo ndi ntchito zikukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe.

Kutetezedwa Kwachitetezo Mumagawo Osiyanasiyana

yosungirako

1. Kusankha Malo : Sodium cyanide iyenera kusungidwa pamalo osungiramo zinthu zapadera, opatsa mpweya wabwino, komanso ozizira. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala kutali ndi magwero a kutentha, kuyatsa, ndi zinthu zina zosagwirizana. Iyeneranso kukhala pamalo omwe anthu osaloledwa sangafikire mosavuta.

2. Zofunikira pa Chidebe : Gwiritsani ntchito zidebe zotetezedwa bwino komanso zolimba zopangidwa ndi zinthu zoyenera. Pa sodium cyanide yolimba, ng'oma zachitsulo zokhuthala kapena zidebe zapulasitiki zokhala ndi zivindikiro zotetezeka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Pa mayankho a sodium cyanide, matanki osungiramo zinthu ayenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri la alkaline, monga mitundu ina ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena matanki apadera okhala ndi pulasitiki. Zidebezo ziyenera kulembedwa momveka bwino kuti "Poison" ndi "Sodium Cyanide" pamodzi ndi zizindikiro zoyenera zoopsa.

3. Mikhalidwe Yosungira : Sungani malo ouma pamalo osungira, chifukwa chinyezi chingachedwetse kuwonongeka kwa sodium cyanide ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kupanga mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide. Chinyezi m'malo osungiramo chiyenera kusungidwa pansi pa 80%. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mpweya wabwino ukuyenda bwino kuti mupewe kusonkhanitsa mpweya uliwonse womwe ungatuluke.

4. Kulekanitsidwa ndi Zinthu Zosagwirizana : Sodium cyanide iyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi ma acid, ma oxidizing agents, ndi mankhwala ena omwe angachite nawo kuti apange zinthu zoopsa. Mwachitsanzo, kuisunga pafupi ndi ma acid kungayambitse kupanga mpweya woopsa kwambiri wa hydrogen cyanide.

thiransipoti

1. Kupaka : Mapaketi onyamulira sodium cyanide ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima. Mapaketi akunja ayenera kukhala olimba mokwanira kuti athe kupirira kugwiridwa bwino panthawi yonyamula ndikuteteza chidebe chamkati kuti chisawonongeke. Mapaketi amkati ayenera kukhala osatayikira - osatuluka madzi komanso otsekedwa bwino. Mapaketi ayeneranso kukhala ndi zilembo zomveka bwino za dzina la mankhwala, machenjezo a zoopsa, ndi zambiri zolumikizirana zadzidzidzi.

2. Magalimoto Oyendera : Gwiritsani ntchito magalimoto apadera oyendera omwe amapangidwira kunyamula mankhwala oopsa. Magalimoto awa ayenera kukhala ndi makina osungira madzi otayikira, zida zoyankhira mwadzidzidzi , komanso mpweya wabwino. Galimotoyo iyeneranso kuwonetsa zizindikiro zoyenera zochenjeza zoopsa monga momwe malamulo oyendetsera magalimoto amafunira.

3. Maphunziro a Oyendetsa : Oyendetsa magalimoto omwe amanyamula sodium cyanide ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mwapadera momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zinthu zoopsa. Ayenera kudziwa bwino momwe sodium cyanide imagwirira ntchito, njira zothanirana ndi ngozi ngati ngozi yagwa, komanso malamulo oyenera oyendetsera galimoto.

4. Kukonzekera Njira : Konzani njira yoyendera pasadakhale kuti mupewe madera odzaza anthu, madera okhala anthu okhala, ndi madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha ngozi. Dziwitsani akuluakulu aboma za kayendedwe ka sodium cyanide, makamaka mukadutsa m'malo ovuta.

Kusamalira ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito

1. Zipangizo Zodzitetezera (PPE) :

• Chitetezo cha Kupuma : Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zotetezera zoyenera kupuma, monga chopumira nkhope yonse chokhala ndi fyuluta ya mpweya wabwino kwambiri (HEPA) ndi chidebe chovomerezeka choteteza cyanide. M'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kapena ngati pangakhale kuwonekera kwakukulu, chipangizo chopumira chokha (SCBA) chingafunike.

• Chitetezo cha Maso : Valani magalasi oteteza maso ku zinthu zomwe sizimakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala kapena chishango cha nkhope kuti muteteze maso ku zinthu zothira kapena fumbi la sodium cyanide.

• Chitetezo cha Khungu : Gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi osalowa madzi opangidwa ndi zinthu monga mphira wa butyl kapena nitrile, pamodzi ndi ma coveralls kapena ma apron osagwira mankhwala. Onetsetsani kuti PPE ili bwino ndipo ikukwana bwino.

2. Kukhazikitsa Malo Ogwirira Ntchito :

• Mpweya wopumira : Malo ogwirira ntchito omwe sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwira ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri. Makina opumira otulutsa mpweya m'deralo ayenera kuyikidwa kuti agwire utsi kapena fumbi lililonse lomwe limapangidwa panthawi yogwira ntchito. Mpweya wopumira m'chipinda uyeneranso kukhala wokwanira kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino.

• Zipangizo Zadzidzidzi : Perekani zida zadzidzidzi zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta, monga malo otsukira maso, shawa zodzitetezera, ndi zida zothandizira anthu oyamba. Malo otsukira maso ndi shawa zodzitetezera ayenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse kuti atsimikizire kuti akugwira ntchito bwino.

• Kusunga Madzi Otayikira : Khalani ndi zipangizo zosungira madzi otayikira, monga mapepala oyeretsera madzi, mchenga, ndi zida zowongolera kutuluka kwa madzi. Sankhani malo enieni oyeretsera madzi otayikira ndipo onetsetsani kuti ogwira ntchito akudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito bwino zinthuzi.

3. Njira Zogwirira Ntchito :

• Kugwira Sodium Cyanide Yolimba : Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyenera, monga zokokera kapena zopalira, kuti mugwire sodium cyanide yolimba. Pewani kupanga fumbi, chifukwa kupuma fumbi la cyanide n'koopsa kwambiri. Mukayesa sodium cyanide, gwiritsani ntchito sikelo pamalo opumira bwino komanso otsekedwa, makamaka chotetezera utsi.

• Kukonzekera Mayankho : Mukakonza ma sodium cyanide, onjezerani sodium cyanide pang'onopang'ono ku solvent (nthawi zambiri madzi), mukusakaniza pang'onopang'ono. Chitani izi pamalo opumira bwino ndipo tsatirani malangizo osakaniza mosamala. Musawonjezere madzi ku sodium cyanide yolimba, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kukwiya.

• Kuwongolera Kuyankha : Pa nthawi ya zochita za mankhwala zokhudzana ndi sodium cyanide, samalani mosamala momwe zinthu zimachitikira monga kutentha, pH, ndi nthawi yochitira. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyenera zowunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti zomwe zikuchitika zikuchitika monga momwe mukuyembekezerera ndipo sizikutulutsa mpweya woipa.

Kutaya Kutaya

1. Kusiyanitsa : Patulani zinyalala za sodium cyanide kuchokera ku zinyalala zina. Musazisakanize ndi zinyalala za mankhwala wamba kapena zinyalala zopanda ngozi. Lembani m'zinyalalazo momveka bwino kuti "Zinyalala za Sodium Cyanide" ndipo sonyezani mtundu wa zinyalala (zolimba, zamadzimadzi, ndi zina zotero).

2. Chithandizo : Zinyalala za sodium cyanide ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti zisawonongeke musanazitaye. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo njira zamankhwala, monga okosijeni ndi hypochlorite kapena zinthu zina zoyenera zokonzera okosijeni, kuti zisinthe cyanide kukhala mankhwala ochepa poizoni. Zinyalala zomwe zakonzedwa ziyenera kuyesedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuchuluka kwa cyanide kuli mkati mwa malire oyenera otayira.

3. Kutaya Zinyalala ndi Malo Ovomerezeka : Tayani zinyalala za sodium cyanide kudzera m'malo ovomerezeka otayira zinyalala zoopsa. Malo amenewa ali ndi luso komanso zida zogwiritsira ntchito ndikutaya zinyalala zoopsa mwanjira yotetezeka ku chilengedwe. Musataye zinyalala za sodium cyanide m'zimbudzi, m'malo otayira zinyalala, kapena m'madzi.

Kuyankha Mwadzidzidzi

1. Mapulani a Zadzidzidzi : Pangani dongosolo lonse lothana ndi zadzidzidzi lomwe limaphatikizapo njira zothanirana ndi kutayikira, kutayikira kwa madzi, moto, ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi sodium cyanide. Dongosololi liyenera kufotokoza bwino ntchito ndi maudindo a ogwira ntchito onse omwe akukhudzidwa ndi zadzidzidzi.

2. Maphunziro ndi Zochita Zolimbitsa Thupi : Chitani maphunziro othandiza anthu onse omwe akhudzidwa ndi vuto ladzidzidzi nthawi zonse kuti atsimikizire kuti ogwira ntchito akudziwa bwino njira zothanirana ndi vuto ladzidzidzi ndipo angachitepo kanthu mwachangu komanso moyenera pakagwa vuto ladzidzidzi.

3. Njira Zothandizira Choyamba : Perekani maphunziro othandizira oyamba kwa antchito momwe angayankhire akakumana ndi sodium cyanide. Ngati munthu wapuma, sunthani munthu wokhudzidwayo mwachangu kupita ku mpweya wabwino. Ngati munthuyo wamwa sodium cyanide, musamupangitse kusanza, koma imbani thandizo lachipatala mwamsanga. Kuti mukhudze khungu, vulani zovala zodetsedwa ndikutsuka malo okhudzidwawo ndi madzi ambiri kwa mphindi zosachepera 15 - 20. Ngati munthuyo wakhudzana ndi maso, tsukani maso ndi madzi ambiri kwa mphindi zosachepera 15.

4. Chidziwitso : Pakachitika ngozi yokhudza sodium cyanide, dziwitsani nthawi yomweyo mabungwe othandiza anthu mwadzidzidzi, monga dipatimenti yozimitsa moto, mabungwe oteteza chilengedwe, ndi malo owongolera poizoni. Apatseni chidziwitso cholondola chokhudza mtundu ndi kukula kwa ngoziyo.

Kutsiliza

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa sodium cyanide ndikofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha kuopsa kwake. Potsatira mosamalitsa zofunikira zamalamulo, kukhazikitsa njira zoyenera zotetezera posungira, mayendedwe, kasamalidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kutaya zinyalala, komanso kukhala ndi mapulani ogwira mtima oyankha mwadzidzidzi, kuopsa kwa sodium cyanide kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Anthu onse ndi mabungwe omwe akukhudzidwa ndi moyo wa sodium cyanide ayenera kudzipereka kusunga miyezo yapamwamba yachitetezo kuteteza miyoyo ya anthu ndi chilengedwe.