Kutulutsa Golide Wopanda Cyanide: Kukumbatira Njira Zina Zobiriwira

Introduction

Kutulutsa golide kwakhala ntchito yofunika kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, koma njira yachikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito Sodium cyanide yabweretsa nkhawa zazikulu pazachilengedwe ndi thanzi. Sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo imatha kuwononga kwambiri zachilengedwe ngati siyendetsedwa bwino. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pakhala kukakamizidwa kwakukulu kopanga njira zina zokhazikika zochotsera golide . Nkhani iyi ya blog ikufotokoza njira zatsopanozi zomwe zimapereka njira yosamalira chilengedwe panjira yakale yopezera golide.

Vuto ndi Sodium Cyanide mu Kutulutsa Golide

Sodium cyanide yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa golide kwazaka zopitilira 100 chifukwa cha mphamvu yake pakusungunula golide kuchokera ku miyala. Komabe, kawopsedwe ake ndi vuto lalikulu. Ngakhale pang’ono, cyanide ikhoza kupha zamoyo za m’madzi, mbalame, ndi nyama zoyamwitsa. Pakatayika kapena kutayidwa molakwika pogwira ntchito zamigodi, cyanide imatha kuwononga magwero a madzi, nthaka, ndi mpweya, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuonjezera apo, kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide kumafuna njira zotetezera, ndipo kulephera kulikonse kungayambitse mavuto kwa ogwira ntchito.

Kulonjeza Njira Zobiriwira za Sodium Cyanide

1. Bioleaching

Bioleaching, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti microbial leaching, ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchotsa zitsulo kuchokera ku miyala. Pankhani ya kutulutsa golide, mabakiteriya ena, monga Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, amatha kutulutsa mchere wa sulfure wokhudzana ndi golidi, kutulutsa golide mu mawonekedwe ofikirika. Njirayi ndi yothandiza pa chilengedwe chifukwa sigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa monga cyanide. Imagwiranso ntchito pa kutentha kochepa komanso kupanikizika, kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zochotsera. Bioleaching ndi njira yokhazikika yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku ores otsika, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda ndalama pokonza pogwiritsa ntchito njira wamba.

2. Thiosulfate Leaching

Kuchotsa thiosulfate ndi njira ina yochotsera cyanide. Imagwiritsa ntchito ma ayoni a thiosulfate, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati sodium thiosulfate, kuti igwirizane ndi golide ndikuisungunula kuchokera mumkuwa. Njirayi ndi yofooka kwambiri kuposa cyanide. Thiosulfate ndi yokhazikika bwino m'chilengedwe ndipo siyimayambitsa chiopsezo chachikulu ku nyama zakuthengo ndi magwero amadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchotsa thiosulfate kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri m'mitundu ina ya miyala, makamaka yomwe ili ndi mkuwa ndi zitsulo zina zomwe zingasokoneze njira zochokera ku cyanide. Njirayi ingathenso kukonzedwa bwino kuti ichepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa golide wobwezeretsedwa.

3. Ionic Zamadzimadzi

Zamadzimadzi za Ionic ndi mchere womwe umakhala wamadzimadzi ozizira kutentha. Ali ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kutulutsa golide. Zamadzimadzi za ionic zimatha kusungunula golide kuchokera muzambiri popanda kufunikira kwa mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Iwo sali osasunthika, kutanthauza kuti samathandizira kuwononga mpweya panthawi yochotsa. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kusinthidwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito, kuchepetsa kutulutsa zinyalala. Ngakhale akadali mu gawo la kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ntchito zazikulu, zakumwa za ionic zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu ngati njira yokhazikika yosinthira njira zachikhalidwe zochotsera golide.

4. Supercritical Fluid m'zigawo

Kutulutsa madzi ofunikira kwambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunikira kwambiri, monga Carbon dioxide (CO₂) pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kupsinjika, kuti atulutse golide kuchokera ku miyala. Pamene ili ndi mphamvu zambiri, CO₂ ili ndi mphamvu pakati pa mpweya ndi madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ilowe mu miyala ndikusungunula golide. Njirayi ndi yoteteza chilengedwe chifukwa CO₂ ndi mankhwala osapha poizoni komanso ochulukirapo. Imachepetsanso kufunika kwa madzi ambiri ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga miyala yachikhalidwe. Kutulutsa madzi ofunikira kwambiri kungakhale njira yothandiza kwambiri yotulutsira golide, makamaka kuchokera ku miyala yovuta.

Zovuta ndi Njira Yotsogola

Ngakhale njira zina izi zikuwonetsa chiyembekezo chachikulu, pali zovuta zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, Bioleaching ikhoza kukhala njira yocheperako, ndipo kukonza mikhalidwe yokulira ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kungakhale kovuta. Kuchotsa thiosulfate kungafunike kuwongolera njira zovuta poyerekeza ndi kuchotsa cyanide. Madzi a Ionic ndi kutulutsa madzi ofunikira kwambiri akadali kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha malonda, ndipo pali ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukulitsa ukadaulo uwu. Komabe, ndi kafukufuku wopitilira ndi chitukuko, mavutowa atha kuthetsedwa. Maboma, makampani amigodi, ndi mabungwe ofufuza ayenera kugwirizana kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama pakupanga ndi kukhazikitsa njira zochotsera golide wobiriwira izi. Izi sizingothandiza kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kuonetsetsa kuti makampani opanga golide akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Pomaliza, kufunafuna njira zina m'malo mwa Sodium Cyanide pochotsa golide si nkhani yokhudza udindo woteteza chilengedwe kokha komanso mwayi wopeza zatsopano komanso chitukuko chokhazikika. Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woteteza zachilengedwe uwu, makampani opanga migodi ya golide angachepetse kuwononga chilengedwe ndikuthandizira kuti pakhale tsogolo lokhazikika.