Mphamvu ya Sodium Cyanide pa Dothi ndi Chilengedwe

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, monga migodi ya golide, electroplating, ndi kupanga mankhwala. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwakukulu, pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha sodium cyanide kulowa m'chilengedwe , komwe kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ubwino wa nthaka komanso chilengedwe. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufufuza mokwanira momwe Sodium Cyanide imakhudzira nthaka ndi chilengedwe chonse.

Makhalidwe a Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide ndi chinthu choyera, cholimba cha kristalo chokhala ndi fungo lochepa komanso lowawa la amondi. Chimasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, ndikupanga yankho la alkaline kwambiri. Kusungunuka kumeneku kumalola kuti chifalikire mosavuta m'chilengedwe, makamaka m'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, Sodium cyanide ndi chinthu chochepetsa mphamvu ndipo chimagwira ntchito mosavuta ndi zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo ma acid, zitsulo, ndi zinthu zopangitsa kuti zisawonongeke. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuti chiwononge chilengedwe.

Njira za Sodium Cyanide Kulowa M'chilengedwe

Kutulutsidwa kwa Industrial

M'mafakitale monga migodi ya golide, sodium cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa golide ku ores. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa mankhwalawa kungayambitse kutulutsa kwakukulu m'chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, michira yochokera ku migodi ya golidi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi sodium cyanide yotsalira, yomwe imatha kutulutsidwa m'madzi apafupi ndi dothi ngati sichisamalidwa bwino. Momwemonso, m'mafakitale opangira ma electroplating, madzi otayira okhala ndi sodium cyanide amatha kutayidwa popanda chithandizo chokwanira, zomwe zikuwopseza chilengedwe.

Kutayika Mwangozi

Ngozi panthawi yonyamula kapena kusunga sodium cyanide zimatha kutayika kwakukulu. Zotayirazi zimatha kuwononga nthaka, madzi apansi panthaka komanso pansi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tanka yonyamula madzi yotchedwa sodium cyanide igubuduka, mankhwalawo amatha kulowa m'nthaka mofulumira, zomwe zingawononge mphamvu ya nthaka ndi zamoyo zake. Nthawi zina, kutayikira kungayambitsenso kupanga mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, womwe ukhoza kumwazikana mumlengalenga, kuvulaza anthu komanso chilengedwe.

Zotsatira pa Dothi

Kusintha Kwamankhwala mu Dothi

Sodium cyanide ikalowa m'nthaka, imatha kukumana ndi hydrolysis, kutulutsa ma cyanide ions (CN⁻). Ma cyanide ions awa amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana za dothi. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kupanga mapangidwe okhala ndi ayoni achitsulo m'nthaka, monga chitsulo, mkuwa, ndi zinki. Izi zikhoza kusintha kupezeka kwa zitsulo zofunika izi zomera, kusokoneza yachibadwa zomera kukula njira. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhalapo kwa cyanide kumatha kusintha pH ya nthaka. Popeza sodium cyanide ndi maziko olimba, imatha kuonjezera mchere wa nthaka, zomwe sizingakhale zoyenera kwa zomera zambiri zomwe zimakonda malo osalowerera kapena acidic.

Zotsatira pa Tizilombo ta Dothi

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta munthaka timathandiza kwambiri kuti nthaka ikhale yachonde komanso kuti zakudya ziziyenda bwino. Komabe, sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngakhale pamalo otsika, cyanide imatha kulepheretsa kukula ndi ntchito za mabakiteriya, bowa, ndi dothi lina - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Mwachitsanzo, zimatha kusokoneza nayitrogeni - kukonza mphamvu ya mabakiteriya ena, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti zomera zipeze nayitrogeni, michere yofunika kwambiri. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuchepa kwa chonde m'nthaka pakapita nthawi komanso kuchepa kwa zokolola zonse za chilengedwe.

Zokhudza Kukula kwa Zomera

Zomera zomwe zimamera m'nthaka yokhala ndi sodium cyanide zimakumana ndi zovuta zingapo. Kutengedwa kwa cyanide ndi mizu ya mbewu kumatha kusokoneza kupuma kwawo. Cyanide imamangiriza ku cytochrome oxidase, puloteni yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kupuma kwa ma cell, kutsekereza unyolo woyendetsa ma elekitironi ndikuletsa kupanga kwa ATP, mphamvu yamagetsi ya cell. Zotsatira zake, zomera zimatha kukula mopumira, masamba achikasu (chlorosis), ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, kufa. Kuonjezera apo, kusinthika kwa nthaka ndi kuchepa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa sodium cyanide kumawonjezeranso kuwonongeka kwa zomera.

Zokhudza Zachilengedwe

Kuipitsa madzi

Sodium cyanide m'chilengedwe imatha kulowa m'madzi. Ikalowa m'madzi, imasiyanitsidwa kukhala ayoni a cyanide, omwe ndi oopsa kwambiri ku zamoyo zam'madzi. Ngakhale m'malo otsika kwambiri (m'ma micrograms pa lita imodzi), cyanide imatha kupha nsomba, nyama zopanda msana, ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi. Zikhoza kusokoneza machitidwe opuma a zamoyozi, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kupuma. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa cyanide m'madzi kumatha kukhudzanso mtundu wa magwero amadzi akumwa. Ngati cyanide - madzi oipitsidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakudya kwa anthu, angayambitse matenda aakulu, kuphatikizapo kupuma, chizungulire, komanso imfa.

Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya

Ngakhale kuti ndizochepa kwambiri, sodium cyanide ingathandize kuti mpweya uwonongeke. Pamaso pa zidulo kapena m'malo ena achilengedwe, sodium cyanide imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndikupanga mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Hydrogen cyanide ndi mpweya wokhazikika komanso wapoizoni kwambiri. Ikhoza kutulutsidwa mumlengalenga panthawi ya mafakitale, kutaya mwangozi, kapena pamene cyanide - dothi loipitsidwa kapena madzi amawonekera ku zinthu za acidic. Ikalowa mumlengalenga, hydrogen cyanide imatha kukopedwa ndi anthu ndi nyama, kuwononga dongosolo la kupuma, maso, ndi ziwalo zina.

Ecological Imbalance

Kuwonongeka kwa nthaka ndi madzi ndi sodium cyanide kungayambitse kusalinganika kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe. Imfa ya zamoyo zam'madzi ndi kuchepa kwa nthaka - kukula kwa mbewu kumatha kusokoneza chakudya chonse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuchuluka kwa nsomba kumachepa chifukwa cha madzi a cyanide, izi zitha kuwononga adani omwe amadalira nsomba kuti adye. Kuonjezera apo, kutayika kwa zomera m'nthaka - malo oipitsidwa kungayambitse kukokoloka kwa nthaka, kuwononga kwambiri chilengedwe.

Chithandizo ndi Kupewa Kuwonongeka kwa Sodium Cyanide

Chithandizo cha Dothi ndi Madzi Owonongeka

Pali njira zingapo zochizira nthaka ndi madzi oipitsidwa ndi sodium cyanide. Pochiza madzi, njira zochizira mankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera chlorine kapena hydrogen peroxide ku cyanide - madzi oipitsidwa amatha kuchulukitsa ma ayoni a cyanide kukhala mitundu yopanda poizoni, monga cyanate (CNO⁻) kapena Carbon dioxide ndi mpweya wa nayitrogeni. Pochiza nthaka, bioremediation ikhoza kukhala njira yothandiza. Tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono, monga mabakiteriya ndi bowa, tili ndi mphamvu yogawa cyanide kukhala zinthu zosavulaza kwenikweni. Poika tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka yoipitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa cyanide kumatha kuchepetsedwa pakapita nthawi.

Kupewa Kuwonongeka kwa Sodium Cyanide

Kuti mupewe kuyipitsa kwa sodium cyanide, mafakitale amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezeka komanso zowongolera zachilengedwe. M'makampani amigodi, mwachitsanzo, kutetezedwa koyenera ndi kuwongolera michira ndikofunikira. Izi zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito maiwe okhala ndi mizere kuti ateteze kutayikira kwa cyanide - okhala ndi michira kumalo ozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, mafakitale akuyenera kuyika ndalama zawo m'njira zina zaukadaulo zomwe zimachepetsa kapena kuthetsa kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, migodi ina ikuyang'ana kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosagwiritsa ntchito cyanide pochotsa golide, monga thiosulfate leaching, yomwe siwononga chilengedwe.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide imayika chiwopsezo chachikulu ku nthaka yabwino komanso chilengedwe chonse chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake komanso kugwiranso ntchito. Mankhwalawa amatha kuwononga kwambiri zinthu za m'nthaka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka, ndi kukula kwa zomera, komanso kuipitsa madzi ndi mpweya, zomwe zimachititsa kuti chilengedwe chisamayende bwino. Komabe, kupyolera mu chithandizo choyenera cha zofalitsa zoipitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zodzitetezera m'mafakitale, zotsatira zoipa za sodium cyanide pa chilengedwe zingathe kuchepetsedwa. Ndikofunikira kuti mafakitale, maboma, ndi anthu onse azindikire kufunikira kosamalira kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ndikuyipitsa kuteteza chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu.