Kuopsa kwa Sodium Cyanide ku Dothi ndi Chilengedwe

Introduction

Sodium Cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, monga migodi ya golide ndi siliva, electroplating, ndi organic synthesis. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, kusungira, kapena kutaya kwake kungayambitse zotsatirapo zoopsa panthaka ndi chilengedwe chonse. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane zoopsa zomwe sodium cyanide imadzetsa kunthaka ndi chilengedwe.

Katundu ndi Magwero a Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi chinthu choyera, cholimba cha kristalo chomwe chimasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi. Ndi poizoni kwambiri, chokhala ndi fungo lowawa la amondi (ngakhale kuti si aliyense amene angazindikire fungoli). M'mafakitale, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide ndi siliva kuchokera ku miyala kudzera mu njira yotchedwa cyanidation. Munjira imeneyi, Sodium Cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, ndikupanga ma complexes a cyanide achitsulo chosungunuka. Makampani ena, monga electroplating, amagwiritsa ntchito kuyika chitsulo chopyapyala pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, chimagwira ntchito ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga mankhwala ambiri achilengedwe mumakampani opanga mankhwala. Mwatsoka, kutayikira mwangozi, kutaya zinyalala mosayenera, komanso kutuluka kwa madzi kuchokera m'malo osungira zinthu kumatha kutulutsa Sodium cyanide m'chilengedwe.

Zowopsa ku Dothi

Impact pa Dothi Microorganisms

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tanthaka timagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga chonde m'nthaka, kuyendetsa bwino kwa michere, komanso thanzi la nthaka yonse. Sodium cyanide ikakhala m'nthaka imatha kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngakhale pamalo otsika kwambiri, cyanide imatha kulepheretsa mabakiteriya, bowa, ndi tizilombo tina tothandiza m'nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, zimatha kusokoneza mphamvu ya nayitrogeni - kukonza mabakiteriya ena, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti asandutse nayitrogeni wa mumlengalenga kukhala mawonekedwe omwe mbewu zingagwiritse ntchito. Kusokonezeka kwa njinga ya nayitrogeni kungayambitse kuchepa kwa chonde m'nthaka pakapita nthawi. Kuchuluka kwa cyanide kumatha kupha tizilombo tambiri m'nthaka, kuchepetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndikusintha momwe nthaka ikuyendera.

Mphamvu pa Kapangidwe ka Dothi ndi Kupezeka kwa Zomera

Cyanide imathanso kukhudza momwe dothi limagwirira ntchito komanso mankhwala. Ikhoza kumangiriza ku zitsulo ndi zinthu zamoyo m'nthaka, kupanga maofesi okhazikika. Kumanga kumeneku kungapangitse kuti zakudya zomanga thupi, monga chitsulo, zinki, ndi mkuwa, zisamapezeke ku zomera. Cyanide ikakumana ndi zigawo za dothi, imatha kusintha pH ya nthaka, zomwe zimakhudza kusungunuka ndi kupezeka kwa michere ina. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina, kusintha kwa cyanide mu pH kungayambitse mvula ya phosphorous, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomera zisafike. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa cyanide kumatha kusokoneza kapangidwe ka dothi. Kuphatikizika kwa nthaka yathanzi ndikofunikira kuti madzi alowerere, kulowa mizu, ndi mpweya. Dothi likasokonekera, dothi limakhala lolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asamayende bwino komanso kuchepa kwa oxygen ku mizu ya zomera.

Kuipitsidwa kwa Dothi ndi Kuthekera Kwa Nthawi Yaitali

Sodium cyanide ikalowa m'nthaka, imatha kupitilirabe kwa nthawi yayitali, kutengera momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira. Nthawi zina, cyanide imatha kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena mankhwala. Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kokulirapo kapena kuti chilengedwe sichili bwino kuti chiwonongeke (monga mu dothi la anaerobic kapena acidic kwambiri), cyanide imatha kuwunjikana m'nthaka. Kulimbikira kwa nthawi yayitali kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti nthaka ikhoza kukhala yoipitsidwa kwa zaka zambiri, kuyika chiwopsezo chopitilira kumera ndi nthaka - zamoyo zomwe zikukhalamo. Kuphatikiza apo, dothi loipitsidwa limatha kukhala gwero la kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri, popeza cyanide imatha kulowa m'madzi apansi kapena kutengeka ndi madzi osefukira, ndikufalitsa kuipitsa kumadera ena.

Zowopsa Zachilengedwe

Kuipitsa madzi

Sodium cyanide imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, ndipo kutulutsidwa kulikonse m'madzi kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoopsa. Ikalowa m’madzi a pamwamba, monga mitsinje kapena nyanja, imatha kusungunuka mwamsanga n’kupanga ma cyanide ions. Ngakhale m'malo otsika, cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa zamoyo zam'madzi. Nsomba, zamoyo zopanda msana, ndi amphibians zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi cyanide. Ikhoza kusokoneza machitidwe awo opuma, kulepheretsa kutengeka kwa oxygen. Zotsatira zake, nsomba zimatha kuchepa kusambira, kuletsa kuberekana, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, kufa kwa anthu ambiri. Kuchuluka kwa 5 - 7.2 micrograms pa lita imodzi ya cyanide yaulere kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa nsomba, ndipo milingo yopitilira 200 ma micrograms pa lita imodzi imakhala yapoizoni mwachangu ku mitundu yambiri ya nsomba. Zamoyo zopanda msana zimasonyezanso zotsatira zosaopsa zomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri za cyanide, ndi zotsatira zakupha pamtunda wokwera pang'ono. Cyanide imathanso kuwononga madzi apansi panthaka, omwe ndi gwero lalikulu la madzi akumwa m'madera ambiri. Ngati cyanide - madzi apansi oipitsidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakumwa, amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi la munthu, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro monga mutu, chizungulire, nseru, komanso nthawi zambiri, imfa.

Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya

Pamene sodium cyanide ikakhudzana ndi ma acid, mchere wa asidi, madzi, chinyezi, kapena Carbon dioxide, imatha kupanga mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide (HCN) woopsa kwambiri komanso woyaka. Mpweya uwu ukhoza kutulutsidwa mumlengalenga, makamaka m'mafakitale komwe kutayikira mwangozi kapena kusagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide ndi woopsa kwambiri chifukwa anthu ndi nyama amatha kuupuma. Kupuma ngakhale pang'ono kwa hydrogen cyanide kungayambitse mavuto azaumoyo nthawi yomweyo, kuphatikizapo kupuma movutikira, kupuma mofulumira, mutu, chizungulire, ndipo pakakhala mpweya wambiri, kungayambitse kupuma ndi imfa. Kuwonjezera pa zoopsa za thanzi, mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide ukhozanso kuyambitsa kuipitsa mpweya m'dera lozungulira, kukhudza ubwino wa mpweya komanso kuvulaza zomera kudzera mu kuyamwa kwa masamba.

Impact pa Terrestrial Ecosystems

Kupitilira pa zomwe zimachitika pachindunji pa nthaka ndi madzi, kuyipitsidwa kwa sodium cyanide kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zofika patali pazachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi. Popeza zomera ndizomwe zimayambira pazakudya, vuto lililonse pakukula kwa mbewu chifukwa cha dothi - cyanide yoipitsidwa imatha kusokoneza chilengedwe chonse. Zitsamba zomwe zimadalira zomerazi kuti zikhale chakudya zimatha kukhala ndi chakudya chochepa kapena zimatha kudya zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi cyanide wambiri, zomwe zingakhale poizoni kwa iwo. Izi, zimatha kukhudzanso kuchuluka kwa zilombo zomwe zimadya udzu. Mwachitsanzo, m'madera omwe ntchito zamigodi zachititsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi cyanide, zomera zimatha kusintha, ndipo zomera zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri zimasinthidwa ndi zomwe zimalekerera cyanide. Kusintha kumeneku kwa zomera kungayambitse kutayika kwa malo okhala ndi zakudya zamitundu yambiri ya nyama zakutchire, zomwe zingathe kuchititsa kuchepa kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide, chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chambiri, imabweretsa zowopsa ku nthaka komanso chilengedwe. Kuwonongeka kwa nthaka kumatha kusokoneza chilengedwe, thupi, ndi mankhwala ake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chonde chichepetse komanso kuipitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali. M'malo ambiri, zimatha kuwononga madzi ndi mpweya, kuyika pachiwopsezo zamoyo zam'madzi ndi zapadziko lapansi, komanso thanzi la anthu. Poganizira zoopsazi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide akhazikitse njira zotetezedwa pogwira, kusunga, ndi kutaya. Kuphatikiza apo, mabungwe olamulira amayenera kukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima a chilengedwe kuti achepetse kutulutsidwa kwa sodium cyanide m'chilengedwe komanso kuteteza zachilengedwe zathu zamtengo wapatali.