Impembelelo ye-High-Temperature Leaching kwi-Sodium Cyanide Consumption

intshayelelo

Kwinkqubo yokuQokelela iGolide , iSodium Cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu njengearhente yokukhuhla ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukwenza iicomplexes ezizinzileyo ngegolide. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe- sodium cyanide yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwimisebenzi yokwemba igolide. Ukukhuhla ngobushushu obuphezulu yenye yeendlela ezisetyenziswayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhuhla igolide kwi-ores. Eli nqaku lijonga impembelelo yokukhuhla ngobushushu obuphezulu ekusetyenzisweni kweSodium cyanide.

Indima yeSodium Cyanide kwiGold Leaching

I-sodium cyanide iphendulana negolide xa kukho ioksijini ukuze yenze iikhompawundi ezinyibilikayo ezivumela ukuba igolide ikhutshwe kwi-ore. Ubalo lwe-electrochemical lubonisa ukuba ngokwethiyori, i-0.92 grams ye-sodium cyanide iyafuneka ukuze kunyibilikiswe i-1 gram yegolide. Nangona kunjalo, kwimveliso yokwenyani yemizi-mveliso, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kuphezulu kakhulu kuneli xabiso lethiyori, ngokufuthi amaxesha angama-50 ukuya kwali-100 ngaphezulu. Lo mahluko ubalulekileyo ubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kwiimeko zokwembiwa kwemigodi yehlabathi lokwenyani, ezifana nokusabela kwezinye izimbiwa kwiinkqubo ze-ore kunye neekhemikhali ezenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-leaching.

INkqubo yokuLeaching ePhakamileyo

Ubushushu bobushushu obuphezulu buqhutywa kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kobushushu obuqhelekileyo be-ambient. Injongo ephambili kukwandisa umsebenzi we-ion kwinkqubo yesisombululo se-ore-leaching. Ngokwenza njalo, ikhawulezisa ukusabela phakathi kwe-agent leaching, i-sodium cyanide, kunye negolide ngaphakathi kwe-ore. Umzekelo, kwimeko yentsimbi ekrwada yegolide, ubushushu obuphezulu bunokonakalisa ubume beminerali obuntsonkothileyo obugqume igolide, yenze ukuba igolide ifikeleleke ngakumbi kwiiyoni zecyanide ukuze zitsalwe.

Impembelelo yoBuqondo obuPhezulu bokuLeaching ekuSetyelweni kweSodium Cyanide

1. Ukunyuka kweRection Rate

Kubushushu obuphezulu, amandla e-kinetic eemolekyuli ezisabelayo ayanda. Oku kubangela ukungqubana okuthe rhoqo kunye namandla phakathi kweemolekyuli ze-sodium cyanide, iimolekyuli zeoksijini, kunye namasuntswana egolide kwi-ore. Ngenxa yoko, isantya sokunyibilika kwegolide kwisisombululo sesodium cyanide siyakhawuleza. Xa ireyithi yokusabela ikhawuleza, igolide eninzi inokunyibilika ngexesha leyunithi nganye. Ukuba injongo kukukhupha isixa esithile segolide, ubushushu obuphezulu bobushushu bunokufuna ixesha elifutshane lokuvuza. Ngokwethiyori, oku kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-sodium cyanide ekubeni inkqubo yokukhupha igqiba ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa ixesha le-sodium cyanide evezwe kwizinto ezibangela ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

2. Cyanide Hydrolysis

I-Cyanide ingena kwinkqubo yekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-hydrolysis kwisisombululo, kwaye ubungakanani bale hydrolysis buphenjelelwa bubushushu. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka, i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide iyabonakala ngakumbi. Kwi-100 ° C, isiqingatha seeoni ze-cyanide zilahlekile, kwaye kwi-130 ° C, i-85% yazo ilahlekile. Le hydrolysis ivelisa i-hydrocyanic acid, engakhokelela kuphela ekulahlekeni kwe-sodium cyanide kodwa ikwabeka umngcipheko omkhulu wokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko kuba i-hydrocyanic acid yigesi enetyhefu kakhulu. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuba iqondo lokushisa alilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukunyuka kwe-hydrolysis ye-sodium cyanide kunokunyusa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

3. Ukusabela kunye neZimbiwa eziManyanisiweyo

Iintsimbi ezininzi zegolide zinezinye iiminerali, ezifana nepyrite, pyrrhotite, kunye ne-copper sulfide. Ezi zimbiwa ezinxulumene nazo zinokusabela nge-sodium cyanide. Kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, amazinga okusabela phakathi kwezi zimbiwa zingathwali golide kunye nesodium cyanide zinokunyuka. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-sodium cyanide iya kusetyenziswa ekuphenduleni kwezi minerali, ishiya incinci efumanekayo yokusabela ngegolide. Ukongeza, ezinye zezi mpendulo zinokuvelisa - iimveliso ezinokuphazamisa ngakumbi inkqubo yokushiswa kwegolide. Umzekelo, i-sulfure-equlethe iikhompawundi ezenziweyo zinokugquma umphezulu wamasuntswana egolide, zithintele iiyoni ze-cyanide ukuba zifikelele kwaye zisebenze ngegolide.

4. Ukunyibilika kweOxygen

Ioksijini licandelo elibalulekileyo kwi-golide-cyanide leaching reaction njengoko isebenza njenge-oxidant. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyibilika kweoksijini emanzini kuncipha njengoko ubushushu busanda. Kwi-100 °C, akukho oksijini enyibilikisiweyo emanzini. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuba ubushushu busondela kwindawo yokubilisa yamanzi, ukungabikho kweoksijini eyaneleyo echithweyo kunokunciphisa i-oxidation yegolide. Ukwenza ukuncipha kokunyibilika kweoksijini, amanyathelo ongezelelweyo afana nokunyusa uxinzelelo lweoksijini kancinane okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye ii-oxidants kunokufuneka. Kodwa ukuba unikezelo lwe-oksijini luhlala lungonelanga, ukuphendulwa kwegolide kuya kuthotha, kwaye i-sodium cyanide eninzi inokusetyenziselwa ukuzama ukuqhubela phambili impendulo.

case Studies

Kwimigodi ethile yegolide, inkqubo yendabuko yokukhupha i-cyanide yobushushu kwigumbi yayidla i-2.5 kg ye-sodium cyanide ngetoni nganye ye-ore. Xa kwaqaliswa inkqubo yokukhupha i-ore yobushushu obuphezulu, ekuqaleni, ngenxa yempendulo yokukhupha igolide ngokukhawuleza, ixesha lokukhupha i-ore lancitshiswa ukusuka kwiiyure ezingama-48 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-24. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokulawulwa okungafanelekanga kobushushu, xa ubushushu bokukhupha i-ore bufikelela kwi-80 °C, i-hydrolysis ye-sodium cyanide yanda kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwenyuka ukuya kwi-3.0 kg ngetoni nganye ye-ore. Emva kokuphucula inkqubo yokukhupha i-ore yobushushu obuphezulu, kubandakanya ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubushushu obumalunga nama-60 °C kunye nokongeza izithinteli ukunciphisa i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide, i- Sodium Cyanide Consumption yehliswe yaya kwi-2.0 kg ngetoni nganye ye-ore ngelixa isagcina izinga lokukhupha igolide eliphezulu.

isiphelo

Ukushisa okuphezulu kweqondo lokushisa kunempembelelo enzima ekusebenziseni i-sodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide. Kwelinye icala, inokukhawulezisa i-leaching reaction yegolide, inokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide xa inkqubo ilawulwa kakuhle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubushushu obuphezulu bunokubangela ukwanda kwe-cyanide hydrolysis, ukusabela okunzulu ngakumbi kunye neeminerali ezinxulumeneyo, kunye nokunciphisa ukunyibilika kweoksijini, konke oku kunokukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni okuphezulu kwe-sodium cyanide. Ke ngoko, xa usebenzisa i-leaching ephezulu yobushushu, kubalulekile ukukhulisa iiparameters zenkqubo, njengolawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu, unikezelo lweoksijini olufanelekileyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezongezo ukuthintela i-cyanide hydrolysis kunye nokuphendula okungafunekiyo kunye neeminerali ezinxulumeneyo. Le ndlela inokunceda ukulinganisa phakathi kokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo kwimisebenzi yemigodi yegolide.