Uxinzelelo lwe-Oxidation Treatment ye-Cyanide - equlethe Amanzi amdaka kwi-Gold Smelting

intshayelelo

Kwi Ukunyibilikiswa kwegolide ishishini, inkqubo ye-cyanidation yindlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi yokutsalwa kwegolide. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ivelisa inani elikhulu i-cyanide-equlathe amanzi amdaka. I-Cyanides kumanzi amdaka ayityhefu kakhulu, kwaye ukuba ikhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle konyango olufanelekileyo, iya kubangela ingozi enkulu kwindalo kunye nempilo yabantu. Ngoko ke, uphuhliso olusebenzayo kunye nokusingqongileyo Amanzi amdaka eCyanide ubugcisa bonyango buye baba ngundoqo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lokunyibilikisa igolide. Njengendlela ehambele phambili yokucoca amanzi amdaka, itekhnoloji yoxinzelelo lwe-oxidation yonyango ibonisa amandla amakhulu kunyango lwamanzi amdaka ecyanide asuka ekunyibilikeni kwegolide.

Imigaqo yeTekhnoloji yoNyango lwe-Oxidation yoxinzelelo

Umgaqo ongundoqo woxinzelelo lweteknoloji yonyango lwe-oxidation kukwenza iicyanides Kumanzi amdaka afumana ii-oxidation reactions phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, iimeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu xa kukho ioksijini, eziguqula zibe zizinto ezinetyhefu ephantsi okanye ezingenatyhefu. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, ii-ion ze-cyanide (CN⁻) ziyanyibilika kancinci kancinci. Okokuqala, ii-ion ze-cyanate (CNO⁻) ziyaveliswa, emva koko ziyanyibilika ngakumbi kwaye zibole zibe zizinto ezingenabungozi ezifana ICarbon i-dioxide (CO₂) kunye ne-nitrogen (N₂). Le nkqubo ye-oxidation inokutshabalalisa ngempumelelo ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali ze IiCyanides, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa ubutyhefu bamanzi amdaka. Okwangoku, ezinye ii-ion zetsimbi enzima kumanzi amdaka, afana nobhedu, i-zinc, kunye nentsimbi, ezinokuthi zenze ii-complexes ezizinzile kunye ne-cyanides, nazo ziya kubola phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lwe-oxidation. Ukukhutshwa kwee-ion zetsimbi ezinzima kudala iimeko zokuhlukana okulandelayo kunye nonyango.

I-Advantes yokuthelekisa ngaphezu kweeNdlela zonyango lwesiNtu

UkuSebenza ngoNyango oluPhezulu

Iindlela zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka e-cyanide zemveli, ezifana nendlela ye-alkaline chlorination, zinokufikelela kwi-oxidation ye-cyanides, kodwa izinga lokusabela licotha noko, kwaye ixesha lonyango lide. Ngokwahlukileyo, iteknoloji yonyango lwe-oxidation yoxinzelelo, ngenxa yokusabela okwenzeka phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ikhawuleza kakhulu izinga le-oxidation ye-cyanides. Inokunciphisa i-cyanide concentration kumanzi amdaka ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu ngexesha elifutshane, iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwonyango.

Ukuguquguquka okuLimo kuManzi amdaka

Ukubunjwa kwamanzi amdaka e-cyanide asuka kwigolide yokunyibilikisa kunzima. Ukongeza kwi-cyanides kunye ne-ion zetsimbi enzima, inokuthi iqulethe izinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo kunye nobunye ukungcola. Ezinye iindlela zonyango zemveli zineziphumo ezibi zonyango kumanzi amdaka anamalungu antsonkothileyo kwaye kunzima ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho efunwayo yokukhupha. Iteknoloji yonyango lwe-oxidation yoxinzelelo, nangona kunjalo, inokujongana ngokufanelekileyo nale nkqubo yamanzi amdaka enzima. Inesakhono esilungileyo sokususa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zecyanides kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya, ebonisa ukuguquguquka okunamandla.

Ukunciphisa uMngcipheko woNgcoliseko Lwesibini

Iindlela zonyango lwesintu zinokuvelisa ungcoliseko lwesibini ngexesha lenkqubo yonyango. Ngokomzekelo, indlela ye-alkaline chlorination isebenzisa i-chlorine-based oxidants, kunye negesi enetyhefu ye-cyanogen chloride inokuveliswa ngexesha lokusabela, engabangeli nje ingozi kwimpilo yabaqhubi kodwa inokubangela ukungcoliseka komoya. Iimveliso reaction loxinzelelo iteknoloji unyango oxidation ubukhulu becala iigesi ezingenabungozi ezifana carbon dioxide kunye nitrogen, ukunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wongcoliseko yesibini kunye ngakumbi ngokuhambelana neemfuno zokusingqongileyo.

Inkqubo yokuHamba yoNyango lwe-Oxidation yoxinzelelo

Inqanaba loNyango lwangaphambili

Ngaphambi kokungena kwinkqubo yoxinzelelo lwe-oxidation, amanzi amdaka kufuneka acocwe kwangaphambili. Eyona njongo iphambili yeli nyathelo kukususa izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo, amasuntswana amakhulu obumdaka, kunye nezinye izinto ekulula ukuzicoca kumanzi amdaka, ukuthintela ezi zinto ukuba zingabangeli imiqobo okanye zichaphazele isiphumo sokusabela kwisixhobo esilandelayo soxinzelelo lwe-oxidation. Unyango lwangaphambili ngokuqhelekileyo lusebenzisa iindlela zomzimba, ezifana nokuhluza kunye nentlenga. Izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo ezinobukhulu obukhulu zinokuxhuzulwa ngokuhluzwa kwegridi, kwaye iitanki zentlenga zingasetyenziselwa ukuvumela intlenga, amasuntswana, njl.njl. emanzini amdaka ukuba azinze ngokwendalo.

Uxinzelelo lwe-Oxidation Reaction Stage

Amanzi amdaka acociweyo angena kwireactor yoxinzelelo lwe-oxidation. Ngaphakathi kwi-reactor, amanzi amdaka adibana ngokupheleleyo neoksijini aze afumane i-oxidation reactions phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo yi-150 - 250℃) kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo yi-1 - 5MPa) iimeko. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusabela, ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-catalyst ngamanye amaxesha bongezwa. Kweli nqanaba, i-cyanides iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe i-oxid kwaye ibolile, kunye nezakhiwo zetsimbi ezinzima nazo ziyaphulwa. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusabela, iiparamitha ezifana nobushushu, uxinzelelo, izinga lokuhamba kwe-oksijini, kunye nexesha lokuphendula kufuneka lilawulwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-oxidation reaction iqhubeka kakuhle kwaye ifezekisa umphumo wonyango ongcono.

Inqanaba Lonyango Elilandelayo

Nangona ugxininiso lwecyanide kumanzi amdaka akhutshiweyo kwireactor yoxinzelelo lwe-oxidation luye lwancitshiswa kakhulu, lusenokuqulatha ezinye izingcolisi ezishiyekileyo kunye nezinto ezisandula ukuvela ngexesha lokusabela, njengeeyoni zentsimbi enzima kunye neesulfates. Ngoko ke, unyango olulandelayo luyafuneka. Unyango olulandelayo lubandakanya amanyathelo afana ne-neutralization, i-sedimentation, kunye nokucoca. Okokuqala, izinto ze-alkaline (ezifana nekalika) zongezwa ukuze zinciphise amanzi amdaka kwaye zilungelelanise ixabiso le-pH kuluhlu olungathathi hlangothi okanye olusondeleyo. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo ze-pH, i-ion zetsimbi enzima kumanzi amdaka ziya kwenza i-hydroxide precipitates. Emva koko, ngokusebenza kwe-sedimentation kunye nokuhluzwa, ezi zityholo ziyahlukana kumanzi amdaka, zinciphisa ngakumbi umxholo wokungcola kumanzi amdaka kunye nokwenza ukuba amanzi amdaka acociweyo ahlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yokukhupha okanye iimfuno zokuphinda zisetyenziswe.

Uhlalutyo lweemeko zokuSebenza eziSebenzayo

Ishishini elikhulu lokunyibilikisa igolide lamkele itekhnoloji yoxinzelelo lwe-oxidation yonyango ukunyanga amanzi amdaka ecyanide. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa le teknoloji, ishishini belijongene nobunzima obuninzi kunyango lwamanzi amdaka ecyanide. Iindlela zonyango lwesintu azizange zibe neendleko zonyango eziphezulu kuphela kodwa zikwanobunzima ekuhlangabezaneni ngokuzinzileyo nemigangatho yokukhutshelwa kokhuselo lokusingqongileyo eya ingqongqo.

Emva kokwazisa itekhnoloji yonyango lwe-oxidation yoxinzelelo, ishishini lakha inkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka epheleleyo, kubandakanywa amaziko onyango lwangaphambili, ireactor yoxinzelelo lwe-oxidation, kunye neeyunithi zonyango ezilandelayo. Ngokujonga ukusebenza kwangempela, umphumo wonyango wawuphawulekayo. Uxinzelelo lwecyanide kumanzi amdaka lwehlile ukusuka kumakhulu aliqela eemiligram ilitha ukuya ngaphantsi kweemiligram ezininzi ilitha, kunye nesantya sokususa esingaphezulu kwama-99%. Kwangaxeshanye, isiqulatho seeyoni zesinyithi esinzima sehle kakhulu, sidibana ngokupheleleyo nemigangatho echaziweyo yesizwe yokukhupha.

Ngokwembono yenzuzo yezoqoqosho, nangona utyalo-mali lwezixhobo zokuqala zoxinzelelo lwetekhnoloji yonyango lwe-oxidation luphezulu noko, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngenxa yonyango oluphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-reagent ephantsi, iindleko zonyango zizonke ziye zehla ngokwenene. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuphinda kusetyenziswe amanzi amdaka acociweyo, ishishini likwazuze iinzuzo ezithile zoqoqosho ekusetyenzisweni kobutyebi bamanzi. Ukusuka kwimbono yenzuzo yokusingqongileyo, obu bugcisa bunciphise ngokufanelekileyo ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolisa umoya ezifana neecyanides kunye neentsimbi ezinzima, ukunciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo longcoliseko kwindawo engqongileyo kunye nokwenza igalelo elihle ekukhuselweni kwendalo yendawo.

Imiceli mngeni kunye nemilinganiselo yokuThintela

Utyalo-mali oluPhezulu lweZixhobo kunye neeNdleko zokuSebenza

Itekhnoloji yonyango lwe-oxidation yoxinzelelo ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zoxinzelelo, izixhobo zokuphendula ubushushu obuphezulu, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ezichanekileyo, ezikhokelela kutyalo-mali olukhulu lwezixhobo zokuqala. Ukongezelela, ukugcina ubushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko eziphezulu zoxinzelelo ngexesha lokusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini kuya kwandisa iindleko zokusebenza.

Amanyathelo okukhawulelana nawo: Kwelinye icala, amashishini anokucwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo isikali seprojekthi, aphucule izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kwaye anciphise ulwabiwo lweendleko zesixhobo ngeyunithi nganye yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, xa ukhetha izixhobo, khetha izixhobo eziphezulu zokusebenza, amandla asebenzayo kunye nokwandisa iiparitha zokusebenza ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Kwangaxeshanye, ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji kunye nokuqiniswa kokhuphiswano lweemarike, ixabiso lezixhobo kulindeleke ukuba linciphe ngokuthe ngcembe, ngaloo ndlela linciphisa umthwalo wotyalo-mali kumashishini.

IiMfuno eziPhakamileyo zokuSebenza kunye noLondolozo

Inkqubo yokusebenza yale teknoloji ibandakanya iindawo ezinobungozi ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, olufuna umgangatho ophezulu wobuchwephesha kunye nezakhono zokusebenza zabaqhubi. Ngaphezu koko, ngexesha lexesha elide lokusebenza kwezixhobo, ngenxa yempembelelo yokushisa okuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nemeko ye-oxidation enamandla, iingxaki ezinjengokugqoka kunye ne-corrosion zinokwenzeka, kwaye ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokulungiswa kuyadingeka.

Amanyathelo okunqanda: Amashishini kufuneka omeleze uqeqesho lwabaqhubi, aphucule ulwazi lwabo lobuchwephesha kunye nezakhono zokusebenza, kwaye aqinisekise ukuba banokusebenza ngokungqongqo ngokungqinelana neenkqubo zokusebenza ukuphepha iingozi zokhuseleko ezibangelwa ziimpazamo zokusebenza. Ngexesha elifanayo, misela inkqubo yokulawula ukugcinwa kwezixhobo ezipheleleyo, ukuhlola rhoqo, ukugcina, kunye nenkonzo yezixhobo, ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza nokusombulula iingxaki ezikhoyo kwisixhobo, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwenkqubo. Ukongeza, ubudlelwane obuhle bentsebenziswano bunokusekwa kunye nababoneleli bezixhobo ukufumana inkxaso yobuchwephesha kunye nenkonzo emva kokuthengisa.

isiphelo

Njengendlela yonyango esebenzayo kunye neyokusingqongileyo kumanzi amdaka ecyanide ekunyibilikeni kwegolide, itekhnoloji yoxinzelelo lwe-oxidation yonyango ineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kunye nethemba lokusetyenziswa okubanzi. Ngokwenza i-oxidizing kunye nokubola kwe-cyanides phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ubutyhefu bamanzi amdaka kunye nokususa izinto ezingcolileyo. Nangona ijongene nemingeni enjengotyalo-mali oluphezulu lwezixhobo kunye neendleko zokusebenza, kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwizicelo eziphathekayo, ezi ngxaki zinokusonjululwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okumelana. Ngeemfuno ezingqongqo zokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe, iteknoloji yonyango lwe-oxidation yoxinzelelo kulindeleke ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwishishini lokunyibilikisa igolide, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni uphuhliso oluluhlaza noluzinzileyo lweshishini lokunyibilikisa igolide.