Ukulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo kweZikhongozeli zeSodium Cyanide ezilahliweyo

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide yeyona kakhulu Imichiza enetyhefu isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana nemigodi, i-electroplating, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali. Ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo, i Ukulahlwa Okufanelekileyo yokulahlwa Isodium cyanide Izikhongozeli zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuphatha kakubi ezi zikhongozeli kunokukhokelela kungcoliseko olumandla lwemekobume kwaye kubangele ingozi enkulu kwimpilo yabantu. Eli nqaku liza kubonelela ngesikhokelo esibanzi malunga nendlela ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo yokulahla ezo zikhongozeli.

Ingozi Yezikhongozeli Zesodium Cyanide Ezilahliweyo

Isodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu. Kwanomlinganiselo omncinci unokuba yingozi ukuba utyiwe, ukuphefumla, okanye ukuba udibana nolusu. Izikhongozeli ezilahliweyo zisenokuqulatha intsalela sodium cyanide, ezinokuvuza ekuhambeni kwexesha. Nini Isodium cyanide idibana namanzi okanye iiasidi, inokuvelisa igesi yehydrogen cyanide, into eguquguqukayo neyityhefu kakhulu. Le gesi inzima kunomoya kwaye inokuqokelelana kwiindawo ezisezantsi, ibeka emngciphekweni ubomi babantu abakuloo mmandla. Ukongeza, ukuba intsalela yesodium cyanide ingena emhlabeni okanye kwimithombo yamanzi, inokungcolisa indalo esingqongileyo, ibangele umonakalo wexesha elide kwi-ecosystem kwaye ibenakho ukungena kwikhonkco lokutya.

Ukuthotyelwa koMthetho

Ngaphambi kokuqala inkqubo yokulahla, kubalulekile ukuba wazi kwaye uthobele yonke imimiselo efanelekileyo yasekhaya, yelizwe kunye neyamazwe ngamazwe. Imimandla eyahlukeneyo inemithetho ethile malunga nokuphathwa kunye nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma enobungozi, ngakumbi izinto eziyityhefu njengesodium cyanide. Le migaqo ibandakanya imiba efana nokuleyibhile ngokufanelekileyo kwenkunkuma, ukubhalwa kwamaxwebhu enkqubo yokulahlwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ezigunyazisiweyo zokulahla. Ukungathobeli kungakhokelela kwizohlwayo eziqatha, kuquka izohlwayo ezinkulu kunye namatyala asemthethweni. Umzekelo, eUnited States, i-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inemigaqo engqongqo phantsi kweResource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) elawula ulawulo lwenkunkuma eyingozi, apho inkunkuma enxulumene nesodium cyanide iwela phantsi kwayo.

Inyathelo- nge-Inyathelo lokuLahla inkqubo

1. UVavanyo lokuQala

Okokuqala, jonga ngeso lengqondo isitya esishiyiweyo. Khangela naziphi na iimpawu zokuvuza, ukubola, okanye ukonakala. Ukuba kukho ukuvuza okubonakalayo, musa ukuzama ukususa isikhongozeli ngaphandle kwemiqathango efanelekileyo. Phawula indawo ejikeleze isikhongozeli ukuthintela ukungena okungagunyaziswanga.

Zama ukujonga ubungakanani besodium cyanide eseleyo kwisikhongozeli. Olu lwazi luya kuba luncedo kumanyathelo okulahla alandelayo, ngakumbi xa ukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokulahla kunye nesixa se-reagents efunekayo kunyango (ukuba ikhona).

2. Amanyathelo okhuseleko

Nxiba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela (PPE). Oku kubandakanya iikhemikhali - iiglavu ezixhathisayo, isuti ye-hazmat yomzimba ogcweleyo, izibuko zokhuseleko, kunye nesixhobo sokuphefumla esinesihluzo somoya esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu (HEPA) okanye igesi efanelekileyo - ikhatriji yokukhusela icyanide.

Sebenza kwindawo engena umoya, ingakumbi ngaphandle okanye kwindawo egqunywe ngumsi ukuba ikhona. Ukuba usebenza ngaphandle, khetha indawo ekude neendawo ezinabantu abaninzi, imithombo yamanzi kunye nemisele.

Yiba nekhithi yokuchitha kwindawo yokulinda. Ikhithi yokuchitheka kufuneka iqulathe imathiriyeli efunxayo, i-neutraizing agents (ezifana nesodium hypochlorite solution yokuchitheka kwecyanide), kunye nezixhobo zokucoca ukuchitheka.

3. Ukutywinwa komgqomo (ukuba kunokwenzeka)

Ukuba isikhongozelo sinesiciko okanye indlela yokuvala engonakaliswanga, sivale ngononophelo isikhongozeli ukuthintela ukuvuza okunye. Sebenzisa imathiriyeli yokutywina efanelekileyo efana neteyiphu yokufaka iteyiphu (ekukhethwa ukuba ikhemikhali-ixhathise) okanye isikhongozeli esikhethekileyo - iikhompawundi zokutywina. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isikhongozeli sonakaliswe kakhulu, eli nyathelo alinakwenzeka okanye lisebenze.

4. Unyango lwe-Residual Sodium Cyanide (Ngokuzikhethela kodwa kuyacetyiswa)

Enye indlela eqhelekileyo yokwenza intsalela yesodium cyanide ingabi natyhefu yi-oxidation. Ngokomzekelo, unokusabela nge-agent oxidizing eyomeleleyo njenge-potassium permanganate. Kwilabhoratri - isikali okanye encinci - imeko yobuninzi, lungiselela isisombululo se-potassium permanganate emanzini kwindawo efanelekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-5 - 10% ngesisindo). Yongeza kancinane i-sodium-cyanide-equlethe izinto ezivela kwisitya kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate ngelixa uvuselela ngobumnene. Oku kusabela kuya kuguqula i-sodium cyanide ibe yinto enetyhefu encinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-sodium cyanide.

Enye inketho kukusebenzisa indibaniselwano ye-bleach (i-sodium hypochlorite) kunye ne-sodium hydroxide. Okokuqala, nyibilikisa inani elincinci le-sodium hydroxide emanzini ukwenza isisombululo se-5% samanzi. Emva koko, yongeza i-sodium - i-cyanide - equlethe izinto eziphathekayo kwesi sisombululo. Emva koko, yongeza i-bleach engaphezulu. Le nkqubo iya kuguqula i-sodium cyanide ibe yinto enobungozi obuncinci. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba xa usebenzisa le ndlela, ukusabela kufuneka kuqhutywe ngaphandle okanye kwindawo enomoya kakuhle ngenxa yokuba igesi ye-nitrogen inokuveliswa ngexesha lokuphendula, kwaye ukuba isitya sokusabela sivalwe ngokuqinileyo, uxinzelelo lunokwakha.

5. Ukupakishwa kweZothutho

Beka isikhongozeli esitywiniweyo (okanye esicociweyo) kwisikhongozeli sesibini, esinobungqina bokuvuza. Eli isenokuba ligubu leplastiki elomeleleyo okanye isikhongozeli senkunkuma esikhethekileyo esiyingozi. Isingxobo sesibini kufuneka sibhalwe ngokucacileyo kunye neelebhile ezifanelekileyo zengozi, ebonisa ukuba iqulethe inkunkuma eyityhefu kunye neyingozi, ehambelana ngokukodwa nesodium cyanide.

Khusela isikhongozeli kwisikhongozeli sesibini ukuthintela ukuhamba ngexesha lokuhamba. Sebenzisa izinto zokugquma ezinje ngogwebu okanye ukugoqa iqamza ukugquma isikhongozeli sangaphakathi.

6. Uthutho oluya kwiNdawo yokuLahla eGunyaziweyo

Qhagamshelana nenkampani enelayisensi enobungozi - yothutho lwenkunkuma. Qinisekisa ukuba banamava ekuthutheni izinto ezinetyhefu eninzi njengesodium cyanide. Banike lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko malunga nenkunkuma, kubandakanywa ubungakanani, uhlobo lwesikhongozeli, kunye naluphi na unyango olwenziweyo.

Landela yonke imimiselo yezothutho, enokubandakanya iimfuno ezithile zendlela, imilinganiselo yokhuseleko, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi ezifanelekileyo zothutho ezixhotyiswe ngeempawu zokhuseleko ezifana neenkqubo zokuqulatha ukuchitheka.

7. Ukulahlwa kwiZiko eliGunyaziweyo

Izixhobo ezigunyazisiweyo zokulahla inkunkuma eyingozi, ngakumbi ezo zisebenza ngezinto ezinetyhefu kakhulu njengesodium cyanide, zinezixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukulahlwa okukhuselekileyo. Ezi ndawo zinokusebenzisa iindlela ezinje ngokutshisa ubushushu obuphezulu kwindawo elawulwayo ukutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo i-sodium cyanide. Ngexesha lokutshiswa, i-sodium cyanide itshiswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iguqulwa ibe yi-non - tyhefu okanye encinci - inetyhefu ngeemveliso ezifana necarbon dioxide, initrogen, kunye neetyuwa zesodium.

Ezinye izibonelelo zinokusebenzisa iinkqubo zonyango lwekhemikhali ukukhupha ubutyhefu ngakumbi kwinkunkuma phambi kokulahlwa kokugqibela. Isibonelelo siya kuphatha uthuthu kunye nazo naziphi na iintsalela ezishiyekileyo kwinkqubo yokulahlwa ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yokusingqongileyo.

I-Post-Disposal Verification

Emva kokuba inkqubo yokulahla igqityiwe, fumana isatifikethi sokulahlwa kwiziko eligunyazisiweyo. Esi satifikethi sisebenza njengobungqina bokuba isitya esishiyiweyo se-sodium cyanide silahlwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokuthobela yonke imimiselo.

Gcina iirekhodi zawo onke amanyathelo abandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokulahla, kubandakanywa uvavanyo lokuqala, amanyathelo okhuseleko athathiweyo, iinkcukacha zonyango (ukuba zikhona), amaxwebhu othutho, kunye nesiqinisekiso sokulahlwa. Ezi rekhodi zingafuneka kuphicotho-zincwadi olulawulayo okanye kwiingxelo zenkampani zangaphakathi - iinjongo zokugcina.

isiphelo

Ukulahlwa okufanelekileyo kwe Izikhongozeli zeSodium Cyanide ezilahliweyo yinkqubo entsonkothileyo nelawulwa kakhulu efuna uqwalaselo olululo kwiinkcukacha kunye nokubambelela ngokungqongqo kwiiprothokholi zokhuseleko. Ngokulandela amanyathelo achazwe kweli nqaku, ukusuka kuvavanyo lokuqala ukuya ekulahlweni kokugqibela kwiziko eligunyazisiweyo, iingozi ezinxulumene nezi zikhongozeli zinetyhefu zinokuncitshiswa, ukukhusela zombini impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Khumbula, xa usebenzisana ne-sodium cyanide, ukhuseleko kufuneka luhlale luhamba phambili.