Kungani i-Sodium Cyanide ibukwa Kakhulu?

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ibilokhu iyindaba ethakazelisayo kakhulu futhi ekhathazayo emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yemvelo yayo enobuthi obukhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi embonini.

Ubuthi: Usongo Olubulalayo

I-Sodium cyanide inobuthi obukhulu kubantu. Ngisho nenani elincane, elingama-5% ethisipuni, lingabulala. Uma lingena emzimbeni womuntu, liyahlukana libe ama-ion e-cyanide (CN⁻). Lawa ma-ion anobuhlobo obuqinile ne-iron ku-cytochrome oxidase, i-enzyme ebalulekile ku-electron transport chain ekuphefumuleni kwamaseli. Ngokubopha i-iron, ama-ion e-cyanide avimbela umsebenzi we-enzyme, avimbele ukudluliselwa kwama-electron futhi ekugcineni aphazamise ikhono lomzimba lokukhiqiza amandla ngesimo se-ATP. Lokhu kuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwamaseli ngokushesha, i-lactic acidosis (njengoba amaseli eshintshela ku-anaerobic metabolism), futhi ekugcineni afe. ​​Izimpawu zobuthi be- sodium cyanide zifaka phakathi ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, ukuxhuzula, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, kanye nokuma kwenhliziyo. Njengoba kunikezwe lokhu kubulala okukhulu, noma yikuphi ukuchayeka okungenzeka ku- Sodium Cyanide , kungaba ezingozini zezimboni noma kwezinye izimo, ngokushesha kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwezempilo yomphakathi kanye nokuphepha.

Izicelo Zezimboni Ezisabalele

Izimayini zegolide

Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i -Sodium cyanide isembonini yezimayini zegolide . Iningi legolide emhlabeni alitholakali ezinhlayiyeni ezinkulu kodwa njengezinhlayiya ezincane ezisakazeke emadwaleni. Ukuze kukhishwe igolide kulezi zinhlayiya, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-cyanidation ivame ukusetshenziswa. Ngemva kokuba i-ore imbiwe futhi igaywe ibe yimpuphu ecolekile, ifakwa esixazululweni se-sodium cyanide. Igolide lakha izibopho eziqinile nama-molecule e-cyanide, okudala ama-complex egolide ancibilikayo - i-cyanide. Lawa ma-complex angahlukaniswa namanye amaminerali akule ore, njengoba encibilika emanzini. Ngemva kwalokho, i-zinc ingezwa esixazululweni, esisabela kuma-complex egolide - i-cyanide, okwenza igolide liphume njengeliqinile. Lo mkhiqizo wokugcina ube usuncibilikiswa ukuze kuhlukaniswe igolide elihlanzekile. Isidingo somhlaba wonke segolide, esiqhutshwa yizici ezifana nokwenza ubucwebe, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni , sisho ukuthi inani elikhulu le-sodium cyanide lisetshenziswa emisebenzini yokumba igolide emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenxa yalokho, noma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene ne-sodium cyanide kulokhu, njengokuphathwa kwayo okuphephile, ukugcinwa kwayo, kanye nokuthuthwa kwayo, zidonsela ukunaka okukhulu ngenxa yokubaluleka kwezomnotho kwale mboni.

Okunye Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni

I-sodium cyanide nayo idlala indima ebalulekile kweminye imikhakha yezimboni. Emkhakheni we-electroplating, isetshenziswa njengengxenye kwezinye zokugeza zokucwenga. Kuyasiza ekuzuzeni ukunamathela okubushelelezi nokufana okufanayo kwezinsimbi ezifana nethusi, isiliva, i-cadmium, ne-zinc kuma-substrates ahlukahlukene. Ekwenziweni kwamakhemikhali e-organic, i-sodium cyanide isebenza njengento eyinhloko yokuqala. Isibonelo, ekuhlanganisweni kwemithi ethile, isetshenziselwa ukwethula iqembu le-cyano (-CN) kuma-molecule e-organic, okubalulekile ekwakhekeni kwezinhlanganisela eziningi zezidakamizwa ezibalulekile. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni imicu yokwenziwa, amapulasitiki, nodayi. Embonini yodayi, ibandakanyeka ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlanganisela ezifana (i-cyanuric chloride), okuyisipesheli esibalulekile sokwenza odayi abasebenzayo futhi isebenza njengempahla eluhlaza yokukhiqiza izibani ezikhanyayo. Uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kwayo kulezi zinqubo ezihlukene zezimboni, noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa, ukuphatha, noma ukuphepha kwe-sodium cyanide kungaba nemiphumela yezomnotho efinyelela kude.

Izigameko kanye Nomphumela Wazo

Izehlakalo eziseqophelweni eliphezulu ezibandakanya i-sodium cyanide zibe nomthelela nakakhulu ekugqameni kwayo emehlweni omphakathi. Isibonelo, ukuqhuma kwe-Tianjin ngo-2015 kwakuyisenzakalo esibuhlungu esaletha i-sodium cyanide endaweni ebonakalayo. Endaweni yokuqhuma, kwatholakala inqwaba yamathani angu-700 e-sodium cyanide, eyayiphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-70 kunomkhawulo ongokomthetho. Lokhu kuqhuma kuphakamise ukukhathazeka mayelana nokudedelwa kwaleli khemikhali enobuthi obunamandla endaweni ezungezile. Ukube i-sodium cyanide yayikhishiwe futhi ihlangana namanzi noma amazinga okushisa aphakeme, yayingase yenze igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, into eyingozi kakhulu futhi eguquguqukayo. I-Hydrogen cyanide inobuthi obukhulu uma ihogelwa futhi ingasakazeka ngokushesha emoyeni, ibeke engozini izimpilo zabantu abaseduze. Nakuba iziphathimandla zaseShayina zathatha isinyathelo esisheshayo sokulawula lesi simo, njengokwelapha ukuchitheka kwe-hydrogen peroxide ukuze kuncishiswe ukwakheka kwezinhlanganisela eziyingozi kakhulu, lesi sigameko sisaqokomisa izingozi ezibalulekile ezihlobene nokugcinwa nokuphathwa kwe-sodium cyanide. Ukuqwashisa komphakathi ngezingozi ezingaba khona ze-sodium cyanide kwakhula kakhulu, futhi kwaholela ekubhekisisweni okwengeziwe kwemithetho nezinqubo zokuphepha ezimbonini ezibhekene naleli khemikhali.

Ekuphetheni, ubuthi obuphezulu be-sodium cyanide , ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezibalulekile njengokumbiwa kwegolide kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokubandakanyeka kwayo ezigamekweni ezinkulu konke kunegalelo esimweni sayo njengekhemikhali eqashelwa eduze. Isidingo sokulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezimboni nezinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile zokuvikela impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo kusalokhu kuyinselele enkulu.