Yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini ze-cyanide?

I-Cyanide, ikhemikhali equkethe iqembu le-cyano eline- I-Carbon i-athomu kathathu - ehlanganiswe ne-athomu ye-nitrogen, yaziwa kakhulu ngobuthi bayo obuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, idlala indima ebalulekile eminingana emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile.

1. Imboni Yezimayini

Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibaluleke kakhulu ze I-Cyanide ikhona Imboni yezokumbiwa phansi, ikakhulukazi ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide nesiliva. Inqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanidation noma i- i-cyanide inqubo.

Gold

kanye ne-ilver ExtractionS

• I-Ore Processing: Izisombululo ze-Cyanide zisetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa igolide nesiliva etsheni elimbiwayo. Igolide, ngesimo salo somdabu, linamandla okukhipha i-oxidation aphezulu. Kodwa lapho kukhona i-cyanide ions (\(CN^-\)), igolide lakha i-ion eyinkimbinkimbi encibilikayo. Lokhu kusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali kwenza igolide likwazi ukuncibilika engxubeni ye-cyanide, liyihlukanise nezinye izingxenye zensimbi.

• Ngokufanayo nesiliva, ihlangana ne-cyanide ngendlela efanayo ukuze yakhe inkimbinkimbi encibilikayo, evumela ukuthi ikhishwe ku-matrix ye-ore.

• Ngemuva kokuthi izinsimbi eziyigugu zincibilikisiwe kusixazululo se-cyanide, zingatholakala ngokusebenzisa izindlela ze-electrochemical ezifana ne-electrowinning. Ekuphumeleleni kwe-electrowinning, amandla kagesi adlula esixazululo, okwenza ama-ion ensimbi afakwe ku-cathode. Enye indlela imvula, isibonelo, ngokwengeza insimbi esebenza kakhulu njenge-zinc. I-zinc isusa igolide noma isiliva ku-ion eyinkimbinkimbi esesisombululo, ivumela ukutholwa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu.

2. Ukukhiqiza Amakhemikhali

I-Cyanide compounds ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali anhlobonhlobo.

Plastics

• I-Cyanide derivatives isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni irabha yokwenziwa namapulasitiki. Isibonelo, i-acrylonitrile, equkethe iqembu le-cyano, iyi-monomer eyinhloko ekukhiqizeni i-polyacrylonitrile (PAN). I-PAN isetshenziselwa ukwenza imicu ye-acrylic, esetshenziswa embonini yendwangu ukwenza izingubo zokugqoka, okhaphethi, nezinto zokuhlobisa. Ngenqubo ye-polymerization, ama-molecule e-acrylonitrile ahlangana ndawonye ukuze akhe amaketanga amade e-polyacrylonitrile.

Odayi

• Odayi abathile bezindwangu bahlanganiswa kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali asekelwe ku-cyanide. I-Cyanide - izinhlanganisela eziqukethe zingasetshenziswa ukwethula amaqembu asebenzayo abe ama-molecule kadayi, angathinta umbala wawo, ukunyibilika, kanye nezakhiwo zokushesha. Isibonelo, abanye odayi abasebenzayo abangakha izibopho eziqinile ezinemicu yendwangu ngesikhathi sokudaya bangase babe namaqembu asebenzayo asuselwa ku-cyanide, okunikela ekhonweni likadayi lokunamathela kanye nemibala yendwangu ngempumelelo.

Pharmaceuticals

• I-Cyanide idlala indima ekukhiqizweni kwezidakamizwa nezithako ezisebenzayo zemithi (ama-API). Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide emithini yemithi kulawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yobuthi bayo, ingabandakanyeka ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwama-molecule e-organic complex. Isibonelo, kweminye imizila yokwenziwa yezinyathelo eziningi yezidakamizwa, i-cyanide ingase isetshenziselwe ukwethula iqembu le-cyano ku-molecule. Leli qembu le-cyano lingase liphinde lilungiswe ngezinqubo ezifana ne-hydrolysis ukuze kwakheke ama-carboxylic acid, noma ukuncishiswa ukuze akhe ama-amine, okungamaqembu abalulekile asebenzayo emithini eminingi.

3. Electroplating kanye Metal Treatment

Izixazululo ze-Cyanide zisetshenziswa kabanzi kuzinqubo ze-electroplating.

Ubucwebe Manufacturing

• Ekukhiqizweni kobucwebe bekhwalithi ephezulu, izixazululo ze-electroplating ezisekelwe ku-cyanide zisetshenziselwa ukufaka izinsimbi ezifana negolide, isiliva, nethusi endaweni engaphezulu. I-Cyanide isebenza njenge-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi, esiza ekufinyeleleni ukunamathela kwensimbi okubushelelezi, okufanayo, nokunamathelayo. Isibonelo, ku-electroplating yegolide, inkimbinkimbi yegolide - i-cyanide esixazululweni ivumela ukulawulwa okungcono kwezinga lokubeka kanye nekhwalithi yongqimba lwegolide ku-substrate yobucwebe. Ngesikhathi se-electroplating, inkimbinkimbi yegolide - i-cyanide ihlukanisa i-cathode, futhi ama-ion egolide ayancishiswa enze ungqimba oluncane lwegolide ebusweni bobucwebe.

Electronics

• Embonini ye-electronics, i-cyanide-based electroplating isetshenziselwa ukumboza izingxenye. Lokhu kuthuthukisa i-conductivity kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Isibonelo, i-copper - cyanide electroplating isetshenziselwa ukufaka ungqimba oluncane lwethusi kumabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB). Isendlalelo sethusi sihlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle kagesi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide ekugezeni kwe-electroplating kusiza ekutholeni umfaniswano kanye nesici - i-copper coating yamahhala, ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-PCB.

4. Ezinye Izicelo Zezimboni

Ukucinywa kwensimbi

• Izinhlanganisela ze-cyanide zingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukushisa kwezinsimbi, ikakhulukazi kunqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-cyaniding. Ku-cyaniding, izingxenye zensimbi zishiswa ebhavini eliqukethe usawoti we-cyanide. Le nqubo ingenisa i-carbon ne-nitrogen ebusweni bensimbi, iyenze ibe lukhuni. Njengoba i-cyanide ibola emazingeni aphezulu okushisa, ama-athomu ekhabhoni ne-nitrogen asakazeka endaweni yensimbi, akhe inhlanganisela eqinile njenge-iron nitrides nama-carbides. Lezi zinhlanganisela zithuthukisa ukumelana nokuguga nokukhathala kwensimbi, okuyenza iqine kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuhlukahlukene.

I-Organic Synthesis

• I-Cyanide isetshenziselwa ukwethula iqembu le-cyano (\(-CN\)) kuma-molecule ephilayo, akha i-organic. ama-cyanides (ama-nitriles). Lawa ma-nitriles angaphinde aguqulwe abe amanye amaqembu asebenzayo. Isibonelo, i-hydrolysis ye-nitrile phambi kwe-asidi noma isisekelo ingaveza i-carboxylic acid. Ukuncishiswa kwe-nitrile kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-amine. Lokhu kwenza i-cyanide ibe yisakhiwo esibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni iziqholo, iziqholo, namanye amakhemikhali akhethekile.

Ukukhiqizwa Kwamanye Amakhemikhali

• I-Cyanide isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali afana ne-cyanuric chloride. I-Cyanuric chloride iyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqiza ama-herbicides, izibulala-zinambuzane, nodayi. Ikhiqizwa yi-trimerization ye-cyanogen chloride, evame ukuhlanganiswa kusuka emithonjeni ye-cyanide. Ngalokhu kuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali, i-cyanide ifaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwezinhlanganisela ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kwezolimo kuya ekudayeni kwezindwangu.

Sengiphetha, naphezu kwemvelo yayo enobuthi obukhulu, ukusebenza kabusha kwamakhemikhali e-cyanide kuyenza ibe inhlanganisela ebalulekile ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi bayo obedlulele, izinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha nemithethonqubo yezemvelo ziyasebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa kwayo okufanele, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokulahlwa kwayo ezimeni zezimboni.