Ukuphazamiseka Okujwayelekile Ekuhlaziyweni Kwe-Sodium Cyanide Titration

Isingeniso

Titration analysis of i-sodium cyanide kuyindlela ebalulekile kukhemikhali yokuhlaziya, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezifana nezimayini, i-electroplating, kanye nokukhiqiza amakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwezinto ezihlukahlukene eziphazamisayo kungathinta kakhulu ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemiphumela ye-titration. Ukuqonda lokhu kugxambukela okuvamile kubalulekile ukuze uthole idatha enembile nethembekile.

I-Metal Ions njengezinto eziphazamisayo

I-Heavy Metal Ions

Ama-ion ensimbi esindayo njengethusi (Cu²⁺), i-zinc (Zn²⁺), ne-nickel (Ni²⁺) angakha izakhiwo ezizinzile i-cyanide ions. Isibonelo, ama-ion e-copper asabela ne-cyanide ukuze akhe izingxube ze-copper cyanide ezifana ne-[Cu(CN)₂]⁻ kanye ne-[Cu(CN)₄]³⁻. Lokhu kusabela kokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kudla ama-ion e-cyanide, okuholela ekubukelweni phansi kwangempela I-Sodium Cyanide okuqukethwe ngesikhathi sokubhalwa kwesihloko. Kuzixazululo ze-electroplating, ezivame ukuqukatha ithusi ne-zinc kanye I-sodium cyanide, lokhu kuphazamiseka kungashiwo ikakhulukazi.

I-Iron Ions

Ama-ayoni (i-Fe³⁺ kanye ne-Fe²⁺) nawo angaphazamisa i-sodium cyanide titration. Ngendlela ene-acidic, i-Fe³⁺ ingakwazi ukusebenzisana nama-ion e-cyanide ukuze yakhe izakhi zensimbi ezihlukene - i-cyanide, njengezinhlanganisela ezaziwa kakhulu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka se-Prussian. Lokhu kusabela kungadla ama-ion e-cyanide futhi kuphazamise i-stoichiometry yokusabela kwe-titration phakathi kwama-ion esiliva (evame ukusetshenziswa ku-cyanide titration) nama-ion cyanide. Ukwengeza, ebukhoneni komoyampilo, i-Fe²⁺ ingafakwa i-oxid ku-Fe³⁺, okuqhubekisele phambili ukuba nzima isimo sokuphazamiseka.

Iziphazamiso ze-Anionic

I-sulfide ions

Ama-ion e-sulfide (S²⁻) ayizinto ezivamile eziphazamisayo ku-sodium cyanide titration. Endaweni ene-alkaline, uma i-sulfide ikhona, ingasabela nama-ion e-hydrogen avela ezimeni ezine-asidi ezisetshenziswa kwezinye izinqubo zokuhlanganisa i-titration (noma yakhe igesi ye-hydrogen sulfide engasabela ngokuqhubekayo). Okubaluleke nakakhulu, i-sulfide ingasabela ngama-ion esiliva (asetshenziswa ku-silver - nitrate - based cyanide titrations) ukwakha i-silver sulfide (Ag₂S) precipitate. Lokhu akudli nje kuphela ama-ion esiliva kodwa futhi kuvala indawo yokugcina ye-titration, njengoba ukwakheka kwemvula ye-Ag₂S emnyama kungaphazamisa ukutholwa okubonakalayo kwe-silver - cyanide complex - based endpoint.

I-Thiocyanate Ions

I-Thiocyanate ions (SCN⁻) ingaba khona njengesiphazamiso, ikakhulukazi kumasampuli lapho kube khona uhlangothi oluthile - ukusabela noma ukungcoliswa. Ama-Thiocyanate ions angasabela nama-ion esiliva akhe i-silver thiocyanate (AgSCN) precipitate. Ku-sodium cyanide titration lapho kusetshenziswa i-nitrate esiliva njenge-titrant, ukwakheka kwe-AgSCN kungaholela ekulinganisweni okweqile kokuqukethwe kwe-cyanide uma kungabalwa kahle, njengoba ama-ion esiliva asetshenziswa ekwakhekeni kwakho kokubili okuyi-silver - cyanide complexes kanye ne-silver thiocyanate precipitate.

Ezinye Izinto Eziphazamisayo

Ama-Organic Compounds

Abanye ama-organic compounds ingaphazamisa i-sodium cyanide titration. Isibonelo, ama-aldehyde athile nama-ketones angasabela nge-cyanide ions ekuphenduleni kokwengezwa kwe-nucleophilic ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Lokhu kusabela kudla ama-ion e-cyanide futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte imiphumela ye-titration. Kumasampuli avela ezinqubweni zezimboni lapho izinto eziphilayo zikhona, njengamanye amanzi angcolile avela ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali angase aqukathe kokubili i-sodium cyanide nokungcola kwemvelo, ukugxambukela kwalezi zinhlanganisela zemvelo kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela.

Ama-oxidizing kanye nama-ejenti okunciphisa

Ama-oxidizing agents angakwazi ukukhipha i-cyanide ions. Isibonelo, i-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ingasabela ngama-ion e-cyanide ukuze yakhe i-cyanate ion (CNO⁻) noma eminye imikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-oxidized. Lokhu kusabela kwe-oxidation kunciphisa inani le-cyanide elitholakalayo ukuze kufakwe i-titration, okuholela esilinganisweni esingalungile sokuqukethwe kwe-sodium cyanide. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-ejenti okunciphisa nawo angaphazamisa. Isibonelo, izinto ezifana ne-sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) zingasabela nama-ion esiliva ku-silver - nitrate - based titration, zehlisele ekubeni yisiliva yensimbi noma ephansi - i-oxidation - uhlobo lwesiliva lwesifunda, oluphazamisa inqubo evamile ye-titration.

Isiphetho

Ku-sodium cyanide ukuhlaziywa kwe-titration, ama-ion ensimbi, ama-anion afana ne-sulfide ne-thiocyanate, ama-organic compounds, nama-oxidizing noma ama-ejenti anciphisayo yizinto ezivamile eziphazamisayo. Ukuthola imiphumela enembile ye-titration, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa imithelela yalokhu kugxambukela. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise amasu esampula okwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi afana nokuhlunga, ukukhipha, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifihla ubuso. Ukuqonda lezi ziphazamiso kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthuthukisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kokuhlaziywa kwe-sodium cyanide titration ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene kwezimboni nokuhlaziya.