Ukuphazamiseka Okujwayelekile Ekuhlaziyweni Kwe-Sodium Cyanide Titration

Isingeniso

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-titration ye -sodium cyanide kuyindlela ebalulekile kumakhemikhali okuhlaziya, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezifana nezezimayini, i-electroplating, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwezinto ezahlukahlukene eziphazamisayo kungathinta kakhulu ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemiphumela ye-titration. Ukuqonda lokhu kuphazamiseka okuvamile kubalulekile ekutholeni idatha enembile nethembekile.

I-Metal Ions njengezinto eziphazamisayo

I-Heavy Metal Ions

Ama-ion ensimbi aqinile njengethusi (Cu²⁺), i-zinc (Zn²⁺), kanye ne-nickel (Ni²⁺) angakha ama-complex azinzile ngama -ion e-cyanide . Isibonelo, ama-ion ethusi asabela ne-cyanide ukuze akhe ama-complex e-copper cyanide njenge-[Cu(CN)₂]⁻ kanye ne-[Cu(CN)₄]³⁻. Lokhu kusabela kokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kudla ama-ion e-cyanide, okuholela ekungalinganisweni kokuqukethwe kwangempela kwe -Sodium Cyanide ngesikhathi se-titration. Ezixazululweni ze-electroplating, ezivame ukuqukethe ithusi ne-zinc kanye ne -Sodium cyanide , lokhu kuphazamiseka kungabonakala kakhulu.

I-Iron Ions

Ama-ayoni (i-Fe³⁺ kanye ne-Fe²⁺) nawo angaphazamisa i-sodium cyanide titration. Ngendlela ene-acidic, i-Fe³⁺ ingakwazi ukusebenzisana nama-ion e-cyanide ukuze yakhe izakhi zensimbi ezihlukene - i-cyanide, njengezinhlanganisela ezaziwa kakhulu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka se-Prussian. Lokhu kusabela kungadla ama-ion e-cyanide futhi kuphazamise i-stoichiometry yokusabela kwe-titration phakathi kwama-ion esiliva (evame ukusetshenziswa ku-cyanide titration) nama-ion cyanide. Ukwengeza, ebukhoneni komoyampilo, i-Fe²⁺ ingafakwa i-oxid ku-Fe³⁺, okuqhubekisele phambili ukuba nzima isimo sokuphazamiseka.

Iziphazamiso ze-Anionic

I-sulfide ions

Ama-ion e-sulfide (S²⁻) ayizinto ezivamile eziphazamisayo ku-sodium cyanide titration. Endaweni ene-alkaline, uma i-sulfide ikhona, ingasabela nama-ion e-hydrogen avela ezimeni ezine-asidi ezisetshenziswa kwezinye izinqubo zokuhlanganisa i-titration (noma yakhe igesi ye-hydrogen sulfide engasabela ngokuqhubekayo). Okubaluleke nakakhulu, i-sulfide ingasabela ngama-ion esiliva (asetshenziswa ku-silver - nitrate - based cyanide titrations) ukwakha i-silver sulfide (Ag₂S) precipitate. Lokhu akudli nje kuphela ama-ion esiliva kodwa futhi kuvala indawo yokugcina ye-titration, njengoba ukwakheka kwemvula ye-Ag₂S emnyama kungaphazamisa ukutholwa okubonakalayo kwe-silver - cyanide complex - based endpoint.

I-Thiocyanate Ions

I-Thiocyanate ions (SCN⁻) ingaba khona njengesiphazamiso, ikakhulukazi kumasampuli lapho kube khona uhlangothi oluthile - ukusabela noma ukungcoliswa. Ama-Thiocyanate ions angasabela nama-ion esiliva akhe i-silver thiocyanate (AgSCN) precipitate. Ku-sodium cyanide titration lapho kusetshenziswa i-nitrate esiliva njenge-titrant, ukwakheka kwe-AgSCN kungaholela ekulinganisweni okweqile kokuqukethwe kwe-cyanide uma kungabalwa kahle, njengoba ama-ion esiliva asetshenziswa ekwakhekeni kwakho kokubili okuyi-silver - cyanide complexes kanye ne-silver thiocyanate precipitate.

Ezinye Izinto Eziphazamisayo

Ama-Organic Compounds

Amanye amakhemikhali e-organic angaphazamisa i-sodium cyanide titration. Isibonelo, ama-aldehydes nama-ketone athile angasabela nama-ion e-cyanide ku-reaction ye-nucleophilic addition ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Lokhu kusabela kudla ama-ion e-cyanide futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthinta imiphumela ye-titration. Kumasampula avela ezinqubweni zezimboni lapho kukhona khona izinto eziphilayo, njengakwamanye amanzi angcolile avela ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali ezingase ziqukethe i-sodium cyanide kanye nokungcola kwemvelo, ukuphazamiseka okuvela kula makhemikhali e-organic kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela.

Ama-oxidizing kanye nama-ejenti okunciphisa

Ama-oxidizing agents angakwazi ukukhipha i-cyanide ions. Isibonelo, i-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ingasabela ngama-ion e-cyanide ukuze yakhe i-cyanate ion (CNO⁻) noma eminye imikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-oxidized. Lokhu kusabela kwe-oxidation kunciphisa inani le-cyanide elitholakalayo ukuze kufakwe i-titration, okuholela esilinganisweni esingalungile sokuqukethwe kwe-sodium cyanide. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-ejenti okunciphisa nawo angaphazamisa. Isibonelo, izinto ezifana ne-sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) zingasabela nama-ion esiliva ku-silver - nitrate - based titration, zehlisele ekubeni yisiliva yensimbi noma ephansi - i-oxidation - uhlobo lwesiliva lwesifunda, oluphazamisa inqubo evamile ye-titration.

Isiphetho

Ekuhlaziyweni kwe -sodium cyanide titration , ama-ion ensimbi, ama-anion afana ne-sulfide ne-thiocyanate, ama-organic compounds, kanye nama-oxidizing noma ama-reducing agents yizinto ezivame ukuphazamisa. Ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile ye-titration, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokususa noma ukunciphisa imiphumela yalokhu kuphazamisa. Lokhu kungafaka amasu okwelapha angaphambi kokwelashwa njengokuhlunga, ukukhipha, noma ukusebenzisa ama-masking agents. Ukuqonda lokhu kuphazamisa kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthuthukisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kokuhlaziywa kwe-sodium cyanide titration kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni nezokuhlaziya.