Udindo Wofunikira wa Sodium Cyanide mu Electroplating Processes

Introduction

Kupaka chitsulo ndi njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale poika chitsulo chopyapyala pa substrate kudzera mu njira zamagetsi. Njirayi sikuti imangowonjezera mawonekedwe okongola a substrate komanso imawonjezera kukana kwake dzimbiri, kukana kuvala, ndi zinthu zina zamakaniko. Sodium cyanide , chinthu chogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso chakupha, chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'magwiritsidwe ambiri a Electroplating . Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ntchito ndi kufunika kwa Sodium cyanide mu njira zamagetsi.

Complexing Agent Ntchito

Limodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za Sodium Cyanide (NaCN) pakupanga ma electroplating ndikuchita ngati chopangira zinthu zomangira. Mu malo osambira opangira ma electroplating, ma ayoni achitsulo ochokera ku yankho la plating ayenera kunyamulidwa kupita pamwamba pa substrate kuti akalowe. Komabe, ma ayoni achitsulo omasuka mu yankho angayambitse kuyika mwachangu komanso kosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zokutira zikhale zosagwira bwino ntchito. Sodium cyanide imakumana ndi ma ayoni achitsulo, monga mkuwa, zinc, golide, ndi siliva, kuti apange ma complexes achitsulo chokhazikika - cyanide.

Mwachitsanzo, mu bafa yopaka mkuwa ndi ma electroplating, sodium cyanide imasakanikirana ndi ma ayoni amkuwa. Chomera cha mkuwa ndi cyanide chomwe chimachokera chimakhala chokhazikika kwambiri mu yankho poyerekeza ndi ma ayoni amkuwa aulere. Kuphatikizika kumeneku kumapereka maubwino angapo. Choyamba, kumachepetsa ntchito ya ma ayoni achitsulo mu yankho, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuyika. Kuyika pang'onopang'ono ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale kuyika kwachitsulo kosalala, kofanana, komanso kogwirizana. Ngati kuchuluka kwa kuyika kuli kofulumira kwambiri, maatomu achitsulo sakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yodzikonzera okha bwino pamwamba pa substrate, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyikako kukhale kolimba komanso kopanda ma pore.

Kachiwiri, zitsulo - ma cyanide complexes amasungunuka kwambiri muzitsulo zopangira. Kusungunuka kowonjezereka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ma ion azitsulo azikhala osalekeza ku cathode (gawo lomwe limakutidwa) panthawi ya electroplating. Mu electroplating ya golide, mapangidwe a golide - cyanide complex amalola golide kukhalabe yankho ndikuyikidwa mofanana pa gawo lapansi.

Kusintha Cathode Polarization

Sodium cyanide imakhudzanso kwambiri polarization ya cathode mu electroplating. Cathode polarization imatanthawuza kusintha kwa mphamvu ya cathode panthawi ya electroplating chifukwa cha zochitika za electrochemical zomwe zimachitika pamwamba pake. Mulingo woyenera wa cathode polarization ndikofunikira kuti mupeze ma depositi apamwamba kwambiri.

Pamene sodium cyanide ilipo mu kusamba kwa electroplating, kumawonjezera cathode polarization. Ma ion a cyanide adsorb pamwamba pa cathode, ndikupanga chotchinga chomwe chimalepheretsa kuyenda kwa ayoni achitsulo kupita ku cathode. Izi zimawonjezera mphamvu yochulukirapo yofunikira kuti chitsulo choyikapo chitsulo chichitike. Chotsatira chake, zitsulo zazitsulo zimayikidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso mwadongosolo.

Mu bafa ya zinki - electroplating, mwachitsanzo, kukhalapo kwa sodium cyanide monga chothandizira komanso zotsatira zake pa cathode polarization kumabweretsa kusungitsa bwino kwa zinki. Kuwonjezeka kwa cathode polarization kumapangitsa ma ion a zinc kuti asungidwe pang'onopang'ono, kuwalola kuti adzikonzekere bwino pagawo la gawo lapansi, motero amakonza zokutira zinki.

Kupititsa patsogolo Kuwonongeka kwa Anode

Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira zake pa cathode, sodium cyanide imathandizanso kulimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa anode mu selo la electroplating. Anode ndiye gwero la ayoni achitsulo munjira ya electroplating. Kuti ntchito ya electroplating ikhale yosalekeza komanso yothandiza, anode iyenera kusungunuka pang'onopang'ono kuti ibweretsenso ma ion achitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa cathode.

Sodium cyanide imathandizira izi popanga zitsulo zosungunuka - cyanide complexes pa anode pamwamba. Pakukhazikitsa kwa mkuwa - electroplating, anode yamkuwa imasungunuka ikakumana ndi sodium cyanide. Mapangidwe a mkuwa - cyanide complex pa anode pamwamba amathandizira kusungunuka kwa mkuwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuphatikizikako kumachotsa ma ayoni amkuwa kuchokera kumalo a anode atangopangidwa, kulepheretsa kumanga - kusanjikiza kwa anode. Wosanjikiza wokhazikika amatha kuletsa kusungunuka kwa anode ndikusokoneza njira ya electroplating. Polimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa anode, sodium cyanide imawonetsetsa kuti ma ayoni azitsulo azikhala osasinthasintha ku bafa la electroplating, ndikusunga njira yokhazikika.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zosiyanasiyana za Electroplating

Golide ndi Silver Electroplating

Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu golide ndi siliva electroplating. M'makampani opanga zodzikongoletsera, zinthu zokutidwa ndi golide zimapangidwa ndi electroplating golide wocheperako pazitsulo zoyambira ngati mkuwa kapena siliva. Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide mu golide - plating bath kumathandizira kupeza zokutira zagolide zowala, zosalala komanso zomata. Golide - cyanide complex yomwe imapangidwa pamaso pa sodium cyanide imalola kuwongolera bwino kuyika kwa golide, kuwonetsetsa kuti wosanjikiza wopukutidwa uli ndi makulidwe ndi mtundu womwe mukufuna.

Mofananamo, mu electroplating ya siliva, sodium cyanide imapanga ma siliva - cyanide complexes, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti akwaniritse zokutira zasiliva zapamwamba. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa sodium cyanide mu njira zamtengo wapatali za electroplating zachitsulo kwakhala muyeso wamakampani kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha zotsatira zabwino zomwe zimapanga potengera mtundu wa zokutira.

Copper Electroplating

Mu electroplating yamkuwa, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga copper - cyanide complexes. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pamagwiritsidwe omwe ❖ kuyanika kwa mkuwa kosalala komanso kumamatira kumafunika, monga m'makampani opanga zamagetsi kuti apange matabwa osindikizidwa. Mkuwa - cyanide complexes anapanga pamaso pa sodium cyanide zimathandiza mafunsidwe a yunifolomu mkuwa wosanjikiza, amene n'kofunika kuonetsetsa madutsidwe magetsi ndi kudalirika kwa matabwa dera.

Zinc Electroplating

Ngakhale kuyesayesa kukuchitika popanga njira zopanda cyanide zinc - electroplating, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwabe ntchito m'malo osambira achikhalidwe a zinc - electroplating. Mu zinc electroplating, sodium cyanide imathandizira kuphatikizika kwa ayoni kuti apange zinc - cyanide complexes. Kuphatikizika kumeneku sikumangokhudza kuchuluka kwa kuyika ndi mtundu wa zokutira za zinki komanso kumathandizira kuwongolera kapangidwe kake. Mwachitsanzo, mu nthaka - aloyi electroplating (monga nthaka - faifi tambala kapena nthaka - chitsulo aloyi), pamaso pa sodium cyanide angakhudze chiŵerengero cha zitsulo zosiyanasiyana mu aloyi gawo, amenenso amakhudza zimatha ❖ kuyanika komaliza, monga kukana dzimbiri ndi kuuma.

Kuganizira Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo

Ngakhale kuti sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri popangira ma electroplating, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale sodium cyanide yochepa ingakhale yoopsa ngati italowetsedwa, kupumidwa, kapena kulowetsedwa kudzera pakhungu. Chifukwa chake, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kutsatiridwa m'malo opangira ma electroplating omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Ogwira ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ayenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino komanso kukhala ndi zida zodzitetezera, kuphatikizapo magolovesi, magalasi oteteza ku matenda, ndi chitetezo cha kupuma.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutaya zinyalala zomwe zili ndi sodium cyanide kapena zomwe zimapangidwira ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti zipewe kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe. Cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi otayira kuchokera ku electroplating njira iyenera kuthandizidwa kuti ichotse kapena kuchotsa cyanide isanatulutsidwe. Njira zochiritsira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo okosijeni wamankhwala (pogwiritsa ntchito okosijeni monga chlorine kapena hydrogen peroxide) kuti asinthe cyanide kukhala mankhwala ochepetsa poizoni.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito zambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma electroplating. Monga complectoring agent, imapanga zitsulo zokhazikika - cyanide complexes zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zisungunuke komanso zoyendetsa zitsulo mu kusamba kwazitsulo, zomwe zimatsogolera ku zokutira zitsulo zofananira komanso zogwirizana. Imasinthanso polarization ya cathode ndikulimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa anode, zonse zomwe ndizofunikira kuti pakhale ntchito yosalala komanso yothandiza ya electroplating. Ngakhale kawopsedwe kake, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitetezo choyenera komanso kusamala zachilengedwe, sodium cyanide ikupitilizabe kukhala gawo lofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito ma electroplating ambiri, makamaka pakuyika zitsulo zamtengo wapatali komanso kukwaniritsa zokutira zapamwamba pazolinga zosiyanasiyana zamakampani ndi zokongoletsa. Komabe, kufufuza kosalekeza kumayang'ananso pakupanga njira zina zopangira ma electroplating kuti zichepetse kudalira papoizoniyi.