Solid Sodium Cyanide: Kuzindikiritsa Katundu Wowopsa ndi Zofunikira Pakuyika

1. Introduction

Sodium cyanide, mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe ali ndi mankhwala a NaCN, ndi oyera, osungunuka m'madzi. Chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kwambiri komanso kuthekera kowononga kwambiri thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe, malamulo okhwima amawongolera kagwiridwe kake, kayendetsedwe, ndi kasungidwe. Nkhaniyi ikukamba za chizindikiritso cha Solid Sodium Cyanide ngati chinthu chowopsa komanso zofunikira zake pakuyika.

2. Kuzindikiritsa Katundu Wowopsa wa Solid Sodium Cyanide

2.1 Kalasi Yowopsa

olimba Sodium Cyanide amaikidwa m'gulu la zinthu zapoizoni za Gulu 6.1 malinga ndi dongosolo la United Nations (UN) la zinthu zoopsa. Kugawika kumeneku kumatengera kuthekera kwake kovulaza kwambiri kapena kufa munthu akalowetsedwa, akakoka mpweya, kapena kutengera khungu.

2.2 Nambala ya UN

Nambala ya UN yoperekedwa ku solid sodium cyanide ndi UN 1689. Nambala yapaderayi ya manambala anayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi kuti izindikire chinthucho panthawi yoyendetsa, kuonetsetsa kuti maphwando onse omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yogulitsa katundu, kuchokera kwa opanga ndi otumiza kwa onyamula katundu ndi olamulira, akhoza kuzindikira mosavuta ndikuchigwira motsatira malamulo otetezeka a chitetezo.

2.3 Mawu Owopsa

• Kuopsa Kwambiri: Chokhazikika Sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri. Kumeza, kutulutsa mpweya, kapena kukhudzana ndi khungu kungayambitse poyizoni mwachangu. Ma cyanide ions amasokoneza mphamvu ya thupi kugwiritsa ntchito okosijeni pama cell, zomwe zimatha kupha. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale pang'ono sodium cyanide ufa wokometsedwa ungayambitse zizindikiro monga chizungulire, kupuma mofulumira, ndipo pazovuta kwambiri, kutaya chidziwitso ndi imfa.

• Reactivity ndi Acids: Imachita mwamphamvu ndi zidulo kuti ipange mpweya wapoizoni kwambiri komanso woyaka moto wa hydrogen cyanide. Izi zitha kuchitika ngakhale ndi asidi ofooka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati sodium cyanide ikumana ndi acetic acid (asidi wamba wopezeka mu viniga), mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide udzatulutsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu.

2.4 Mawu achitetezo

• Kusamalira Njira Zodzitetezera: Pogwira zolimba za sodium cyanide, ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zida zodzitetezera zoyenera (PPE). Izi zikuphatikizapo gasi - masuti oteteza mankhwala, zida zodzipumira zokha (SCBA) ngati pangakhale ngozi yopuma mpweya, ndi magolovesi akuluakulu, osamva mankhwala. Ntchito zonse zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kuchitikira m'malo olowera mpweya wabwino, makamaka pansi pa fume hood kuteteza kudzikundikira kwa mpweya wapoizoni womwe ungatuluke.

• Kusamala: Iyenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, owuma, ndi mpweya wabwino, kutali ndi kumene kumatentha, kuyatsa, ndi zidulo. Malo osungira amayenera kupangidwa kuti ateteze anthu osaloledwa komanso azikhala ndi njira zochepetsera. Mwachitsanzo, malo osungiramo zinthu amatha kukhala ndi njira yachiwiri yosungiramo zinthu monga thireyi yotayira kapena malo omangika kuti aletse kufalikira kwa sodium cyanide yomwe yatha.

3. Kuyika Zofunikira pa Solid Sodium Cyanide

3.1 Mfundo Zazikulu za Packaging

• Kulimba: Kuyika kwa sodium cyanide yolimba kuyenera kukhala yolimba kwambiri kuti ipewe kutayikira kulikonse panthawi yogwira, posungira, komanso poyenda. Chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake, ngakhale kutayikira pang'ono kumatha kuwopseza kwambiri thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe.

• ngakhale: Zida zonyamula ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi sodium cyanide. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zipangizo sayenera kuchita ndi zinthu, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa ma CD kapena kutulutsidwa kwa poizoni ndi - mankhwala.

3.2 Mitundu Yovomerezeka Yonyamula

3.2.1 Zitsulo - Zophimbidwa ndi Ma Hopper ndi Magalimoto

Dry sodium cyanide akhoza kutumizidwa muzitsulo - zophimbidwa hopper magalimoto. Magalimoto awa adapangidwa kuti azisefa - umboni ndi nyengo - kugonjetsedwa. Chophimba chachitsulo chimapereka chitetezo chowonjezera ku kuwonongeka kwa thupi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga mvula ndi chinyezi. Mwachitsanzo, m'mayendedwe apamtunda wautali, magalimoto a hopper awa amatha kunyamula bwino sodium cyanide yolimba kudutsa madera osiyanasiyana komanso nyengo.

3.2.2 Matanki Onyamula

Matanki onyamula omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sodium cyanide ayenera kukwaniritsa kapangidwe kake ndi kamangidwe kake. Ayenera kukhala ndi chipolopolo cholimba kuti athe kupirira kulemera ndi kupanikizika kwa zomwe zili mkati panthawi yoyendetsa. Kuonjezera apo, amafunika kukhala ndi zida zotsekedwa bwino ndi zopangira kuti asatayike. Akasinjawa ndi oyenera kunyamula ma voliyumu akulu a sodium cyanide, mwina amtundu wa granular kapena briquette. Mwachitsanzo, m'mayendedwe apanyanja apadziko lonse lapansi, akasinja onyamula amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula sodium cyanide pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana.

3.2.3 Zotengera Zapakatikati (IBCs)

• Metal IBCs: Ma IBC ovomerezeka azitsulo akuphatikizapo mitundu monga 11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B, ndi 31N. Ma IBC awa amapangidwa ndi zida zachitsulo zolimba zomwe zimatha kupirira zovuta zogwirira ntchito komanso zoyendetsa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula zolimbitsa thupi za sodium cyanide.

• Pulasitiki Yolimba IBCs: Mapulasitiki olimba a IBC ngati 11H1. 11h2 ku. 21h1 ku. 21h2 ku. 31h1 ku. ndi 31H2 amavomerezedwanso. Komabe, zinthu zapulasitiki ziyenera kukhala zapamwamba komanso zosagwirizana ndi zowononga za sodium cyanide. Ma IBC awa ndi opepuka poyerekeza ndi achitsulo, omwe amatha kukhala opindulitsa muzochitika zina zamayendedwe, koma amafunikabe kukwaniritsa miyezo yolimba yachitetezo.

• Ma IBC osiyanasiyana: Ma IBC ophatikizika monga 11HZ1. 11HZ2. 21Hz1. 21Hz2. ndi 31HZ1 kuphatikiza ubwino wa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Amapangidwa kuti akhale amphamvu, opepuka, komanso osamva mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, atha kukhala ndi gawo lamkati lazinthu zomwe zimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi sodium cyanide ndi wosanjikiza wakunja wowonjezera umphumphu.

• Ma IBCs a matabwa: Wooden IBCs (11C, 11D, ndi 11F) angagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma zomangira zake ziyenera kukhala zotsimikizira. Mtengowo umapereka mulingo wocheperako, womwe ungakhale wopindulitsa pamayendedwe, koma sift - proof liner ndiyofunikira kuti mupewe kutayikira kulikonse kwa zolimba zapoizoni.

3.2.4 Kupaka kwina

Phukusi lokhala ndi zotsekera - zotsekera zamkati zagalasi, dothi, zitsulo, kapena polyethylene, zokhala ndi mphamvu zosapitirira 0.5 kg (mapaundi 1.1) zotetezedwa bwino ndikulongedzedwa mumigolo yakunja yamatabwa kapena mabokosi amatabwa kapena fiberboard, zolemetsa ukonde zosaposa 15 kg (mapaundi 33), ndizololedwa. Momwemonso, mapaketi okhala ndi zotsekera zamkati zotsekedwa zamagalasi, zadothi, kapena zitsulo, zotetezedwa bwino ndikulongedza migolo yamatabwa yakunja kapena mabokosi olemera osapitilira 2.5 kg (mapaundi 5.5) amaloledwanso. Zopangira zazing'onozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zitsanzo za labotale kapena zotumiza zazing'ono.

3.3 Kuyesa Packaging ndi Kutsimikizira

• Kuyesa Magwiridwe: Zolemba zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sodium cyanide ziyenera kuyesedwa mwamphamvu. Izi zikuphatikiza mayeso otsitsa kuti ayese kugwa mwangozi panthawi yamayendedwe, kuyezetsa ma stack kuti awonetsetse kuti zotengerazo zitha kuthandizira kulemera kwa mapaketi ena omwe ali pamwamba, komanso kuyesa kutayikira kuti atsimikizire kuti palibe mipata yomwe sodium cyanide ingathawe. Mwachitsanzo, pakuyesa kwa dontho, zotengerazo zimatsitsidwa kuchokera pamtunda wina kupita pamalo olimba, ndipo ngati pali kuwonongeka kapena kutayikira, kuyikako kumalephera mayeso.

• chitsimikizo: Zonyamula zikadutsa mayeso ofunikira, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti zikugwirizana ndi malamulo oyenera. Chitsimikizochi chimaperekedwa ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka oyesa ndi ziphaso. Chitsimikizocho chimatsimikizira kuti zotengerazo zikukwaniritsa miyezo yocheperako yachitetezo chonyamula cyanide yolimba ya sodium.

3.4 Kulemba zilembo za Packaging

• Chenjezo Labels: Zopaka zonse zomwe zili ndi sodium cyanide yolimba iyenera kulembedwa bwino ndi zilembo zochenjeza. Malembowa akuyenera kuwonetsa mawu oti "POISONOUS" kapena "TOXIC" m'zilembo zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Ayeneranso kukhala ndi nambala ya UN (UN 1689) ndi chizindikiro chosonyeza kuopsa kwa chinthucho, monga chizindikiro cha chigaza ndi mafupa opingasa.

• Zina Zowonjezera: Zolembazo ziyenera kupereka zina zowonjezera monga dzina la mankhwala (sodium cyanide), malangizo oyankha mwadzidzidzi ngati kutayikira kapena kutaya, ndi mauthenga okhudzana ndi wotumiza kapena wopanga ngati pali mafunso kapena nkhawa.

4. Kutsatira Malamulo

• Malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi: Pazoyendera zapadziko lonse lapansi, kutsatira malamulo monga International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code ndi United Nations Recommendations on Transport of Dangerous Goods ndikofunikira. Malamulowa amaonetsetsa kuti sodium cyanide yolimba imayendetsedwa bwino kudutsa malire a mayiko. Mwachitsanzo, IMDG Code imapereka malangizo atsatanetsatane a kulongedza, kulemba zilembo, ndi kusunga katundu wowopsa pa zombo.

• Malamulo a Dziko: Dziko lililonse lingakhalenso ndi malamulo akeake okhudza kagwiridwe, kasungidwe, ndi kayendetsedwe ka sodium cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, Dipatimenti Yoyendetsa Magalimoto (DOT) ili ndi malamulo ndi malamulo enieni pansi pa Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Mutu 49. Onyamula katundu ndi ogwira ntchito ayenera kudziwa ndi kutsatira malamulo onse apadziko lonse ndi a dziko kuti apewe nkhani zalamulo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti asamasamalidwe bwino a chinthu choopsa kwambiri.

5. Kutsiliza

Kuopsa koopsa kwa sodium cyanide kumapangitsa chizindikiritso choyenera kukhala chowopsa komanso kutsatira mosamalitsa zofunikira pakuyika kofunika kwambiri. Kuchokera pagulu lake ngati Class 6.1 zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zili ndi nambala ya UN 1689 kupita kumitundu yosiyanasiyana yovomerezeka yonyamula ndi zomwe amayezetsa ndikulemba zolemba, gawo lililonse lidapangidwa kuti lichepetse chiwopsezo chowonekera komanso kuvulaza thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Maphwando onse omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kupanga, kuyendetsa, ndi kusungirako cyanide yolimba ya sodium cyanide ayenera kukhala odziwa bwino komanso ogwirizana ndi malamulo oyenerera kuti atsimikizire kuti mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka.