Njira Yobwezeretsanso Acidification ya Sodium Cyanide ndi Zitsulo Zolemera kuchokera ku Madzi a Waste

Introduction

Madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide amapangidwa kuchokera ku njira zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale monga migodi ya golide, electroplating, ndi kupanga mankhwala. Chifukwa cha poizoni wambiri wa cyanide , kutulutsa madzi otayira molakwika kungayambitse kuipitsa chilengedwe komanso kuvulaza thanzi la anthu. Chifukwa chake, kuchiza ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu zamadzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide kwakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri. Pakati pa njira zochizira, Acidification Recovery of Sodium Cyanide ndi zitsulo zolemera ndi njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yothandiza, yomwe sikuti imangochepetsa chiopsezo cha chilengedwe komanso imapangitsanso kubwezeretsanso zinthu zofunika.

Mfundo Yobwezeretsa Acidification

Kusintha kwa Cyanide kupita ku Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)

Mu njira ya acidification, zidulo zolimba monga sulfuric acid zimawonjezeredwa kumadzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide. Pansi pa zinthu za acidic, ayoni a cyanide aulere m'madzi onyansa amasintha kukhala hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Hydrogen cyanide ndi gulu losakhazikika. Pamene pH ya madzi owonongeka imasinthidwa kukhala mtengo wotsika, kawirikawiri pansi pa 2. zomwe zimachitika zimakhala zowonjezereka, zomwe zimathandizira kutembenuka kwa cyanide ions kukhala mpweya wa HCN.

Kubwezeretsanso kwa sodium cyanide

Mpweya wa HCN wopangidwa umalowetsedwa mu nsanja yoyamwitsa ya alkali. Mkati mwa nsanjayo, umayamwa ndi yankho la sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Pamene yankholo likupitirira, sodium cyanide (NaCN) imapangidwa ndipo imasonkhana mu yankho loyamwitsa. Pamene kuchuluka kwa NaCN mu yankholo kufika pafupifupi 10% - 12%, ikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale oyenera, monga njira yochotsera golide.

Kutulutsa ndi Kugwa kwa Zitsulo Zolemera

Kupatula cyanide yaulere, madzi otayira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zitsulo zolemera ndi cyanide, monga zamkuwa ndi zinki. Pansi pa acidic, zovuta izi zimawonongeka. Ma ayoni a heavy metal akatulutsidwa, amatha kupanga mchere wosasungunuka ndi kugwa pansi pamikhalidwe inayake. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha pH mtengo kapena kuwonjezera zinthu zina zopatsa mpweya kungapangitse ma ayoni amkuwa kupanga madzi.

Ndondomeko Zoyendetsera

Khwerero 1: Kukonzekera kwamadzi onyansa

Cyanide ya alkaline - yomwe imakhala ndi madzi otayira kwambiri - imadutsa muchotenthetsera kutentha kwa nthunzi kuti chiwongolere kutentha kwake. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kumasungidwa mkati mwa 20 - 25 ° C. Kuwongolera kutentha kumeneku kumathandizira kukhathamiritsa momwe zimachitikira komanso kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yokhazikika. Kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi otayidwa okwera kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuyambira 5000 - 5500 ppm, ndipo pH imakhala pakati pa 10.5 - 12.5.

Gawo 2: Acidification

Madzi otayira oyeretsedwa kale amathiridwa munsanja yopopera ya acidification pamlingo wina wotuluka, mwachitsanzo, 2 m³/h. Kenako, sulfuric acid imawonjezeredwa. Kuchuluka kwa sulfuric acid kuwonjezeredwa kumasinthidwa molingana ndi makhalidwe a madzi onyansa, kawirikawiri 25 - 30 kg / m³, kuti achepetse pH mtengo wa madzi onyansa mpaka osachepera 2. Kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa panthawi yowonjezera sulfuric acid kumatha kufulumizitsa zomwe zimachitika, kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti ayoni a cyanide aulere m'madzi otayira asinthe kukhala HCN yosasinthika.

Khwerero 3: Kutulutsa kwa HCN ndi Kupatukana

M'malo a acidic kwambiri a nsanja ya acidification spray, kutembenuka kwa cyanide kukhala HCN kumalimbikitsidwa. Mpweya wopangidwa ndi HCN umakokedwa ndi fani ya vacuum centrifugal ndikulowa gawo lotsatira - nsanja yolumikizira alkali. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene pH imachepa, ma ions ena olemera kwambiri m'madzi onyansa amayamba kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa ayoni amkuwa m'madzi oyipa kumatha kutsika, ndipo zitsulo zina zolemera zimayamba kupanga mafunde.

Khwerero 4: Kuyamwa ndi Kubwezeretsanso Sodium Cyanide

Mpweya wa HCN umalowa mu nsanja yoyamwitsa ya alkali ndipo umayamwidwa ndi yankho la 20% - 30% la NaOH. Madzi oyamwitsa a alkali mu nsanja amabwezerezedwanso, ndipo panthawi yobwezeretsanso, fan imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wa HCN umayamwidwa mobwerezabwereza. Pamene kuyamwitsa kukupitirira, kuchuluka kwa NaCN mu madzi oyamwitsa kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Pamene kuchuluka kwa NaCN kufika pa 10% - 12%, kumatha kubwezeretsedwa ku njira yoyamwitsa kuti igwiritsidwenso ntchito, motero kumabweretsa kubwezeretsa kwa Sodium cyanide.

Khwerero 5: Kuchuluka kwa Zitsulo Zolemera ndi Kupatukana

Kwa madzi otayira pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kwa HCN, popeza zitsulo zina zolemera - cyanide zidaphwanyidwa pansi pa acidic, chithandizo china chitha kuchitidwa kuti muchepetse zitsulo zolemera. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha pH ya madzi otayidwa kukhala mulingo wa alkaline kumatha kupanga heavy metal hydroxides yomwe imatsika. Ndiye, olimba - madzi kulekana njira monga kusefera kapena sedimentation angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulekanitsa mpweya zitsulo zolemera ndi madzi oipa, kukwaniritsa kuchotsa ndi kuchira zitsulo zolemera.

Ubwino wa Njira Yobwezeretsa Acidification

Resource Recycling

Njira yobwezeretsa acidification imatha kuchira bwino sodium cyanide kuchokera ku cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi onyansa, omwe angagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'mafakitale ofunikira, kuchepetsa kumwa kwa sodium cyanide yatsopano ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopanga. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zitsulo zolemera zingathe kubwezeretsedwanso, kutembenuza zinyalala kukhala zinthu zamtengo wapatali.

Mtengo - Kuchita bwino

Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zochizira zomwe zimangoyang'ana kuwononga cyanide, njira yobwezeretsa acidification sikumangotsuka madzi otayira komanso imabwezeretsanso zinthu zamtengo wapatali. Ngakhale zimafunika kumwa asidi ndi zamchere, mtengo wa sodium cyanide wopezeka ndi zitsulo zolemera zimatha kuchepetsa mtengo wamankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithandizo chonsecho chikhale chokwera mtengo - chogwira ntchito pakapita nthawi.

Ubwenzi Wachilengedwe

Popezanso sodium cyanide ndi heavy metal, kuchuluka kwa zoipitsa m'madzi otayira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Madzi otayira oyeretsedwa amakhala ndi zinthu zochepa za cyanide ndi zitsulo zolemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti atuluke kapena kuthandizidwanso, kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito mu Njira Yobwezeretsa Acidification

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yobwezeretsa acidification ya cyanide - yomwe imakhala ndi madzi onyansa makamaka imaphatikizapo sulfuric acid, caustic soda (NaOH), laimu, ndi magetsi. M'nyengo yozizira, m'pofunika kutenthetsa madzi owonongeka, choncho nthunzi imatenthedwanso.

1.Kumwa Acid

• Kusintha kwa Cyanide kukhala HCN : Kuchuluka kwa sulfuric acid komwe kumafunika kuti cyanide isinthidwe m'madzi otayidwa kukhala HCN kumadalira kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi otayidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muchiritse 1 m³ ya madzi otayidwa ndi cyanide yokwanira 5000 ppm, kuchuluka kwa sulfuric acid kumafunika kuti musinthe.

• Kusanduka kwa Asidi mu Madzi Otayidwa : Kupatula asidi wosinthira cyanide, asidi wowonjezera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha madzi otayidwa kukhala acidity yoyenera. Kuchuluka komwe kumafunika kuti pH itsike kufika pansi pa 2 ndi chinthu chofunikira.

• Kuyanjana ndi Alkali mu Madzi Otayidwa : Pakhoza kukhala zinthu zina za alkaline m'madzi otayidwa zomwe zimayanjana ndi sulfuric acid, koma nthawi zambiri, kumwa kumeneku kumakhala kochepa poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha cyanide ndi acidization.

• Kuyanjana ndi Carbonate mu Zinyalala : Ngati zinthu zopangira zomwe zili ndi cyanide zili ndi kuchuluka kwa kaboni , monga momwe zilili ndi matope ena a cyanide, carbonate imachita ndi asidi ndikupanga kaboni dioxide. Zikatero, kugwiritsa ntchito sulfuric acid kudzawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo zinthuzi sizingakhale zoyenera kuchiritsidwa ndi njira yobwezeretsa asidi.

2. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Alkali : Caustic soda (NaOH) imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nsanja yoyamwitsa alkali kuti itenge HCN ndikupanga NaCN. Kuchuluka kwa NaOH komwe kumamwa kumagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa HCN komwe kumapangidwa komanso momwe imayamwitsira.

3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Laimu : Nthawi zina, laimu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza madzi otayidwa, monga kusintha pH kuti igwere m'madzi otayidwa. Kuchuluka kwa laimu komwe kumafunika kumadalira mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zolemera m'madzi otayidwa komanso kuchuluka kwa pH komwe kumafunika.

4. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Magetsi ndi Nthunzi : Zipangizo monga mapampu, mafani, ndi mafani oyeretsera mpweya (vacuum centrifugal) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi. M'nyengo yozizira, madzi otayidwa akamatenthedwa, nthunzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti kutentha kukwere kufika pamlingo woyenera.

Kutsiliza

Njira yobwezeretsa acidification ya cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi otayira kuti abwezeretse sodium cyanide ndi zitsulo zolemera ndiukadaulo wokwanira komanso wogwira mtima. Potsatira njira zenizeni, sizingangochotsa poizoni wa cyanide ndi zitsulo zolemera m'madzi onyansa komanso kukonzanso zinthu zofunika. Ngakhale pali zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyi, poganizira ubwino wa chilengedwe ndi zachuma, zimakhala ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito pochiza cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi oipa. Komabe, pogwira ntchito, njira zotetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa chifukwa cha poizoni wa mpweya wa HCN. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mosalekeza kukhathamiritsa magawo ndondomeko chofunika kusintha kuchira Mwachangu ndi kuchepetsa ndalama.