Njira Yobwezeretsanso Acidification ya Sodium Cyanide ndi Zitsulo Zolemera kuchokera ku Madzi a Waste

Introduction

Madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide amapangidwa kuchokera kumafakitale osiyanasiyana monga migodi ya golide, electroplating, ndi kupanga mankhwala. Chifukwa cha kawopsedwe wamkulu wa cyanide, kutayira kosayenera kwa madzi oipawa kungayambitse kuipitsa kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe ndi kuvulaza thanzi la anthu. Chifukwa chake, kuchiritsa ndi kubwezeretsanso kwamadzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide akhala nkhani zofunika kwambiri. Mwa njira zothandizira, Kubwezeretsa Acidification of Sodium Cyanide ndi zitsulo zolemera ndi njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yothandiza, yomwe sikuti imangochepetsa kuopsa kwa chilengedwe komanso imazindikira kukonzanso zinthu zamtengo wapatali.

Mfundo Yobwezeretsa Acidification

Kusintha kwa Cyanide kupita ku Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)

Mu njira ya acidification, zidulo zolimba monga sulfuric acid zimawonjezeredwa kumadzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide. Pansi pa zinthu za acidic, ayoni a cyanide aulere m'madzi onyansa amasintha kukhala hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Hydrogen cyanide ndi gulu losakhazikika. Pamene pH ya madzi owonongeka imasinthidwa kukhala mtengo wotsika, kawirikawiri pansi pa 2. zomwe zimachitika zimakhala zowonjezereka, zomwe zimathandizira kutembenuka kwa cyanide ions kukhala mpweya wa HCN.

Kubwezeretsanso kwa sodium cyanide

Mpweya wopangidwa ndi HCN umalowetsedwa munsanja ya alkali. Mkati mwa nsanjayo, imakhudzidwa ndi yankho la sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Pamene reaction ikupitilira, sodium cyanide (NaCN) imapangidwa ndikudziunjikira munjira yoyamwa. Pamene ndende ya NaCN mu yankho ifika mozungulira 10% - 12%, ikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale oyenerera, monga ndondomeko ya leaching mumigodi ya golide.

Kutulutsa ndi Kugwa kwa Zitsulo Zolemera

Kupatula cyanide yaulere, madzi otayira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zitsulo zolemera ndi cyanide, monga zamkuwa ndi zinki. Pansi pa acidic, zovuta izi zimawonongeka. Ma ayoni a heavy metal akatulutsidwa, amatha kupanga mchere wosasungunuka ndi kugwa pansi pamikhalidwe inayake. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha pH mtengo kapena kuwonjezera zinthu zina zopatsa mpweya kungapangitse ma ayoni amkuwa kupanga madzi.

Ndondomeko Zoyendetsera

Khwerero 1: Kukonzekera kwamadzi onyansa

Cyanide ya alkaline - yomwe imakhala ndi madzi otayira kwambiri - imadutsa muchotenthetsera kutentha kwa nthunzi kuti chiwongolere kutentha kwake. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kumasungidwa mkati mwa 20 - 25 ° C. Kuwongolera kutentha kumeneku kumathandizira kukhathamiritsa momwe zimachitikira komanso kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yokhazikika. Kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi otayidwa okwera kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuyambira 5000 - 5500 ppm, ndipo pH imakhala pakati pa 10.5 - 12.5.

Gawo 2: Acidification

Madzi otayira oyeretsedwa kale amathiridwa munsanja yopopera ya acidification pamlingo wina wotuluka, mwachitsanzo, 2 m³/h. Kenako, sulfuric acid imawonjezeredwa. Kuchuluka kwa sulfuric acid kuwonjezeredwa kumasinthidwa molingana ndi makhalidwe a madzi onyansa, kawirikawiri 25 - 30 kg / m³, kuti achepetse pH mtengo wa madzi onyansa mpaka osachepera 2. Kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa panthawi yowonjezera sulfuric acid kumatha kufulumizitsa zomwe zimachitika, kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti ayoni a cyanide aulere m'madzi otayira asinthe kukhala HCN yosasinthika.

Khwerero 3: Kutulutsa kwa HCN ndi Kupatukana

M'malo a acidic kwambiri a nsanja ya acidification spray, kutembenuka kwa cyanide kukhala HCN kumalimbikitsidwa. Mpweya wopangidwa ndi HCN umakokedwa ndi fani ya vacuum centrifugal ndikulowa gawo lotsatira - nsanja yolumikizira alkali. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene pH imachepa, ma ions ena olemera kwambiri m'madzi onyansa amayamba kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa ayoni amkuwa m'madzi oyipa kumatha kutsika, ndipo zitsulo zina zolemera zimayamba kupanga mafunde.

Khwerero 4: Kuyamwa ndi Kubwezeretsanso Sodium Cyanide

Mpweya wa HCN umalowa munsanja ya alkali ndipo umatengedwa ndi yankho la 20% - 30% NaOH. Madzi otsekemera a alkali munsanja amasinthidwanso, ndipo panthawi yobwezeretsanso, fani imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wa HCN umalowa mobwerezabwereza. Momwe mayamwidwe amapitilira, kuchuluka kwa NaCN mumadzimadzi kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Pamene ndende ya NaCN ikufika pa 10% - 12%, ikhoza kubwezeredwa ku ndondomeko ya leaching kuti igwiritsidwenso ntchito, motero kukwaniritsa kuchira. Sodium cyanide.

Khwerero 5: Kuchuluka kwa Zitsulo Zolemera ndi Kupatukana

Kwa madzi otayira pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kwa HCN, popeza zitsulo zina zolemera - cyanide zidaphwanyidwa pansi pa acidic, chithandizo china chitha kuchitidwa kuti muchepetse zitsulo zolemera. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha pH ya madzi otayidwa kukhala mulingo wa alkaline kumatha kupanga heavy metal hydroxides yomwe imatsika. Ndiye, olimba - madzi kulekana njira monga kusefera kapena sedimentation angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulekanitsa mpweya zitsulo zolemera ndi madzi oipa, kukwaniritsa kuchotsa ndi kuchira zitsulo zolemera.

Ubwino wa Njira Yobwezeretsa Acidification

Resource Recycling

Njira yobwezeretsa acidification imatha kuchira bwino sodium cyanide kuchokera ku cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi onyansa, omwe angagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'mafakitale ofunikira, kuchepetsa kumwa kwa sodium cyanide yatsopano ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopanga. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zitsulo zolemera zingathe kubwezeretsedwanso, kutembenuza zinyalala kukhala zinthu zamtengo wapatali.

Mtengo - Kuchita bwino

Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zochizira zomwe zimangoyang'ana kuwononga cyanide, njira yobwezeretsa acidification sikumangotsuka madzi otayira komanso imabwezeretsanso zinthu zamtengo wapatali. Ngakhale zimafunika kumwa asidi ndi zamchere, mtengo wa sodium cyanide wopezeka ndi zitsulo zolemera zimatha kuchepetsa mtengo wamankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithandizo chonsecho chikhale chokwera mtengo - chogwira ntchito pakapita nthawi.

Ubwenzi Wachilengedwe

Popezanso sodium cyanide ndi heavy metal, kuchuluka kwa zoipitsa m'madzi otayira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Madzi otayira oyeretsedwa amakhala ndi zinthu zochepa za cyanide ndi zitsulo zolemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti atuluke kapena kuthandizidwanso, kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito mu Njira Yobwezeretsa Acidification

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yobwezeretsa acidification ya cyanide - yomwe imakhala ndi madzi onyansa makamaka imaphatikizapo sulfuric acid, caustic soda (NaOH), laimu, ndi magetsi. M'nyengo yozizira, m'pofunika kutenthetsa madzi owonongeka, choncho nthunzi imatenthedwanso.

1.Kumwa Acid

• Kusintha kwa Cyanide kukhala HCN: Kuchuluka kwa sulfuric acid wofunikira kuti asinthe cyanide m'madzi onyansa kukhala HCN kumadalira kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi onyansa. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muyeretse 1 m³ ya madzi oipa ndi cyanide yochuluka ya 5000 ppm, muyeso wina wa sulfuric acid umafunika kuti mutembenuzire.

• Acidization ya Madzi a Waste: Kupatula asidi potembenuza cyanide, asidi wowonjezera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha madzi otayira kuti akhale mulingo woyenera wa acidity. Kuchuluka kofunikira kuti muchepetse pH mpaka pansi pa 2 ndikofunikira.

• Kuchita ndi Alkali mu Madzi a Waste: Pakhoza kukhala zinthu zina zamchere m'madzi onyansa zomwe zimachita ndi sulfuric acid, koma nthawi zambiri, kumwa kumeneku kumakhala kochepa poyerekeza ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza cyanide ndi acidification.

• Kuchita ndi Carbonate mu Zinyalala: Ngati cyanide - yomwe ili ndi zinthu zopangira ili ndi carbonate yambiri, monga mu cyanide tailings slurry, carbonate imachita ndi asidi kupanga carbon dioxide. Zikatero, kumwa kwa sulfuric acid kudzawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo zipangizozi sizingakhale zabwino kwa chithandizo ndi njira ya asidi - kuchira.

2.Alkali Consumption: Soda wa Caustic (NaOH) amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nsanja ya alkali kuti atenge HCN ndikupanga NaCN. Kuchuluka kwa NaOH yodyedwa kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa HCN komwe kumapangidwa komanso kuyamwa bwino.

3.Kumwa laimu: Nthawi zina, laimu angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza madzi oipa, monga kusintha pH ya mpweya wa heavy metal. Kuchuluka kwa laimu wofunikira kumatengera mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zolemera m'madzi otayidwa komanso kusintha kwa pH kofunikira.

4.Kugwiritsa Ntchito Magetsi ndi Nthunzi: Magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida monga mapampu, mafani, ndi mafani a vacuum centrifugal panthawiyi. M'nyengo yozizira, potenthetsa madzi otayira, nthunzi imatenthedwa kuti itenthe kutentha kufika pamlingo woyenerera kuti muyankhe.

Kutsiliza

Njira yobwezeretsa acidification ya cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi otayira kuti abwezeretse sodium cyanide ndi zitsulo zolemera ndiukadaulo wokwanira komanso wogwira mtima. Potsatira njira zenizeni, sizingangochotsa poizoni wa cyanide ndi zitsulo zolemera m'madzi onyansa komanso kukonzanso zinthu zofunika. Ngakhale pali zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyi, poganizira ubwino wa chilengedwe ndi zachuma, zimakhala ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito pochiza cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi oipa. Komabe, pogwira ntchito, njira zotetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa chifukwa cha poizoni wa mpweya wa HCN. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mosalekeza kukhathamiritsa magawo ndondomeko chofunika kusintha kuchira Mwachangu ndi kuchepetsa ndalama.