Yintoni ukunyibilika kwesodium cyanide?

Inkcazo yokunyibilika

I-Solubility ibhekiselele kubuninzi be-solute enokuthi inyibilike kwisixa esinikiweyo se-solvent kwiqondo elithile lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo ukwenza isisombululo esilinganayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakaliswe ngeegram ze-solute nge-100 milliliters (g/100 mL) ye-solvent okanye kwi-moles nganye ilitha (mol / L).

Ukunyibilika kweSodium Cyanide emanzini

Sodium i-cyanide (NaCN) inyibilika kakhulu emanzini. Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi (malunga ne-25 °C), malunga ne-48 grams Isodium cyanide inokunyibilika kwiimililitha ezili-100 zamanzi. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu landa, yayo Umzimba emanzini nako kunyuka. Umzekelo, kwi-34.7 °C, ukunyibilika kwe Isodium cyanide emanzini malunga nama-82 g/100 mL.

Ukunyibilika okuphezulu kwe sodium cyanide emanzini kunokubalelwa kwizinto ezininzi. I-sodium cyanide yi-ionic compound, equkethe i-sodium cations (Na⁺) kunye ne-cyanide anions (CN⁻). Amanzi yiathom yepolar, enenxalenye yentlawulo elungileyo kwiiathom zehydrogen kunye nenxalenye yentlawulo engalunganga kwiathom yeoksijini. Xa i-sodium cyanide yongezwa emanzini, iimolekyuli zamanzi e-polar zidibana ne-ion kwi-sodium cyanide. Iziphelo ezintle zeamolekyu zamanzi zitsalwa kwii-anions ze-cyanide, kwaye iziphelo ezimbi zikhangwa kwii-sodium cations. Le ion enamandla - i-dipole intsebenziswano phakathi kweeoni ze-sodium cyanide kunye neamolekyu zamanzi zivumela i-sodium cyanide ukuba inyibilike ngokukhawuleza emanzini.

Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yokuchithwa kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini yinkqubo ye-exothermic. Ngokomgaqo we-Le Chatelier, kwinkqubo yokuchithwa kwe-exothermic, ukwandisa iqondo lobushushu kuya kutshintsha ukulingana kwempendulo yokutshatyalaliswa ukuya kwicala le-solute eqinile (enganyibilikiyo). Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko ye-sodium cyanide, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kukhokelela ekwandeni kwe-solubility. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwandisa amandla e-kinetic kwiimolekyuli zamanzi kunye ne-ion, ekhuthaza ukuchithwa kwe-sodium cyanide ibe yi-ion kunye nokusasazwa kwabo emanzini, kugqithise umphumo wendalo ye-exothermic ye-reaction ye-solubility kwi-solubility ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

Ukunyibilika kwezinye izinyibilikisi

Ukongeza emanzini, i-sodium cyanide ineempawu ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilika kwezinye izinyibilikisi:

• Ethanol: Isodium cyanide iyanyibilika kancinane kwi-ethanol. Ukunyibilika kwi-ethanol kuphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namanzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-ethanol sisinyibilikisi esincinci se-polar kunamanzi. I-non-polar inxalenye yemolekyuli ye-ethanol (iqela le-ethyl) linciphisa i-polarity iyonke ye-solvent. Ngenxa yoko, ukusebenzisana kwe-ion-dipole phakathi kwe-ion ye-sodium cyanide kunye neemolekyuli ze-ethanol azinamandla njengezo zineemolekyuli zamanzi, ezikhokelela ekunyibilikeni okuphantsi.

• Ezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo: I-sodium cyanide inonyibiliko oluphantsi kakhulu kwizinyibilikisi ze-organic ze-non-polar ezifana ne-benzene, i-ether, njl. Ekubeni iimolekyuli ezingezizo ze-polar azinakwahlulwa kwentlawulo ebalulekileyo, azikwazi ukutsala i-sodium kunye ne-cyanide ion ukuphula i-ionic bonds kwi-sodium cyanide kwaye isasaze i-ion kwi-solvent.

Ukubaluleka kokunyibilika

Izicelo zamashishini

Kwi Ukwembiwa kwegolide kushishino, ukunyibilika okuphezulu kwesodium cyanide emanzini kubalulekile. Igolide yenza i-soluble complex kunye ne-sodium cyanide kwisisombululo esinamanzi. Le golide enyibilikayo - icyanide complex inokuphinda iphinde iqhutywe ukuze kukhutshwe igolide esulungekileyo. Ukunyibilika kwe-sodium cyanide emanzini kuvumela ukukhutshwa okusebenzayo kwegolide kwi-ores yayo.

Ukuphendula kwemichiza

Kwi-chemical synthesis, i-solubility ye-sodium cyanide kwi-solvents efanelekileyo ichaphazela amazinga okuphendula kunye nezivuno. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye ii-nucleophilic substitution reactions apho i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa njenge-nucleophile, ukunyibilika kwayo kwi-reaction medium (ngokuqhelekileyo i-solvent ye-polar njengamanzi okanye umxube wamanzi otywala) imisela ukuba i-ion ye-cyanide inokusabela ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kunye ne-substrate. Ukuba i-solubility iphantsi kakhulu, i-concentration ye-ion ye-cyanide esebenzayo kwisisombululo iya kuba phantsi, enokuthi icothise ukusabela okanye ithintele ukusabela ukuba kwenzeke ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukhuseleko nokuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo

Ukuqonda ukunyibilika kwe-sodium cyanide kubalulekile ekukhuseleni kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo obuphezulu, ukuba i-sodium cyanide ichithwe ngengozi, ukunyibilika kwayo emanzini kuthetha ukuba inokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingcolise imithombo yamanzi. Isodium cyanide enyibilikayo inokukhupha igesi eyityhefu yehydrogen cyanide phambi kweeasidi okanye phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo. Ulwazi lokunyibilika kwayo lunceda ekuyileni isiqulatho esifanelekileyo kunye neendlela zokulungisa kwimeko yokuchitheka.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium cyanide ine-solubility ephezulu emanzini, eyahluka ngobushushu, kunye nokunyibilika okuphantsi kakhulu kwezinye izinyibilikisi ezifana ne-ethanol kunye ne-solubility ephantsi kakhulu kwi-solvents non-polar. Le propati ye-solubility idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo Izicelo zamashishini, ukusabela kweekhemikhali, kunye nemiba enxulumene nokhuseleko.