UPhando kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide Control Technologies

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide yikhemikhali eyityhefu kakhulu esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso ezifana nemigodi, i-electroplating, kunye ne-chemical synthesis. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphathwa kwayo ngokungafanelekanga kunye nokulahlwa kwayo kunokukhokelela kungcoliseko oluqatha lwendalo kwaye ibeke umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo yabantu kunye neenkqubo zendalo. Ngenxa yoko, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo Isodium cyanideUlawulo longcoliseko itekhnoloji ibe yindawo ebalulekileyo yophando kunye nokuziqhelanisa.

Iindlela zoNyango lwesiNtu loNgcoliseko lweSodium Cyanide

Ialkaline klorination

I-alkaline chlorination yenye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyangeni amanzi amdaka ane-cyanide. Kule nkqubo, iikhompawundi ezine-chlorine okanye i-chlorine (ezifana ne-sodium hypochlorite) zongezwa emanzini amdaka phantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline. Impendulo yenzeka ngamanyathelo amabini. Okokuqala, i-cyanide i-oxidized ibe yi-cyanogen chloride, kwaye emva koko i-cyanogen chloride i-hydrolyzes yenze i-cyanate. Ekugqibeleni, ii-ion ze-cyanate ziphinda zi-hydrolyzed ukuvelisa i-ammonia kunye ICarbonIi-ates. Inkqubo yesiqhelo ye-alkaline chlorination idla ngokufuna i-pH ephezulu emalunga ne-10.5 kunye ne-high oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) ye-+ 600 mV. Nangona kunjalo, yinkqubo esetyenziswa kakhulu ngamakhemikhali, itya isixa esikhulu se-sodium hypochlorite. Umzekelo, kufuneka malunga neegaloni ezingama-23 zesisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite se-12.5% ​​ukutshabalalisa i-ounce enye ye-cyanide.

Unyango lwebhayoloji

Ukunyangwa kwebhayoloji ye-cyanide - equkethe amanzi amdaka kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwee-microorganisms ezithile. Iibhaktheriya zeAerobic ezifana nePseudomonas, Alcaligenes, kunye neAchromobacteria zinokukhupha i-cyanide ibe yicyanate. Emva koko, i-ion ye-cyanate iguqulwa ngokwebhayoloji ibe yi-ammonia kunye ne-bicarbonate. Le ndlela isebenzayo xa i-cyanide concentration kumanzi amdaka iphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ifuna ukulawulwa ngenyameko kweemeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, i-pH, kunye nobukho bezondlo ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukukhula kunye nomsebenzi we-microorganisms.

Indlela ye-Acidification

Indlela yokwenziwa kweasidi yindlela eqhelekileyo yokunyanga i-cyanide yoxinaniso ephezulu - equlathe amanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso efana nokwembiwa kwegolide kunye ne-cyanide electroplating. Ngale ndlela, amanzi amdaka afakwa acidity ukuze akhuphe igesi yehydrogen cyanide, enokuthi emva koko ifumaneke okanye inyangwe. Le ndlela inenzuzo yokukwazi ukubuyisela i-cyanide kumanzi amdaka, kodwa ifuna ukuphathwa ngononophelo kwegesi ekhutshiweyo ye-hydrogen cyanide ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.

Ubuchwephesha obutsha boLawulo lokuNgcoliseka kweSodium Cyanide

IiNkqubo eziNqobileyo zoXhoxiso (ii-AOPs)

Iinkqubo eziphezulu ze-oxidation, ezifana ne-ozone oxidation kunye ne-ultraviolet (UV) - catalyzed oxidation, zibonise amandla amakhulu kunyango Isodium cyanide - amanzi angcolileyo. I-ozone oxidation inokubola ngokufanelekileyo i-cyanide kwizinto ezingenabungozi. I-molecule ye-ozone iphendula kunye ne-cyanide, iphula iibhondi zeekhemikhali kwaye iguqule ibe yimichiza ezinzileyo. I-UV - i-catalyzed oxidation, kwelinye icala, isoloko isebenzisa i-catalysts idibene nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunye ne-oxidants njenge-hydrogen peroxide. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkqubo ye-UV - H₂O₂, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kwenza i-hydrogen peroxide isebenze, ivelise i-hydroxyl radicals esebenzayo kakhulu enokonakalisa ngokukhawuleza i-cyanide. Ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zinokufikelela ekugxineni okusezantsi kwentsalela yecyanide xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli.

I-Nanotechnology - esekelwe kwiiNdlela

I-Nanotechnology ivela njengentsimi ethembisayo yokuphucula ulawulo longcoliseko lwecyanide. I-Nanomaterials, njenge-nanocatalysts, inokunyusa izinga lokusabela kweenkqubo zokuthotywa kwe-cyanide. Ngokomzekelo, i-nanocatalysts ethile yesinyithi inokukhetha ukukhuthaza i-oxidation ye-cyanide phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Ukongezelela, i-nanofiltration membranes ingasetyenziselwa ukwahlula i-cyanide kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo emanzini. Ezi membrane zineepores kwi-nanometer range, evumela ukususwa okusebenzayo kweeamolekyu ezincinci kunye ne-ion, kuquka i-cyanide, ngelixa igcina izinto ezixabisekileyo kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wenkunkuma owenziwe.

Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweeTekhnoloji zokuLawula ukuNgcoliseka kweSodium Cyanide

Kwishishini lezeMigodi

Kwimigodi yegolide, phi sodium cyanide iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukutsalwa kwegolide, ubugcisa bolawulo longcoliseko bubaluleke kakhulu. Umzekelo, eminye imisebenzi yemigodi emikhulu yamkele indibaniselwano ye-alkaline chlorination kunye nonyango lwebhayoloji. Okokuqala, inkqubo ye-alkaline chlorination isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-cyanide ephezulu yoxinaniso kwi-tailings yamanzi amdaka ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Emva koko, amanzi amdaka aphinda aphathwe ngokwebhayoloji ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokukhutshelwa kwendalo. Kwezinye iimeko, iitekhnoloji ezintsha ezifana ne-UV-catalyzed oxidation nazo ziyalingwa. Imigodi ekwiindawo ezinobuzaza kokusingqongileyo ikhuthazwa ngokukodwa ukuba yamkele ubugcisa obuphambili nobusebenzayo bolawulo longcoliseko ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo kwi-ikhosistim engqongileyo.

Kwi-Industrial Waste Water Treatment

Imizi-mveliso ye-Electroplating esebenzisa iibhafu ze-cyanide ezisekelwe kwi-plating nazo zivelisa isixa esibalulekileyo se-cyanide - equlethe amanzi amdaka. Izityalo ezininzi zanamhlanje ze-electroplating zifake kwi-site indawo yokucoca amanzi amdaka. Bahlala besebenzisa uluhlu lwamanyathelo onyango, ngokuqala ngemvula yentsimbi enzima ehambelana ne-cyanide complexes, elandelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kwe-cyanide yamahhala usebenzisa iindlela ezifana ne-alkaline chlorination okanye iinkqubo ze-oxidation eziphambili. Ezinye izityalo zikwaphumeze iinkqubo zokubeka iliso eziqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi amdaka acociweyo ahlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo phambi kokuba akhutshelwe kwisixokelelwano sogutyulo okanye kumanzi angaphezulu.

Imingeni kunye neeNjongo zexesha elizayo

Ngaphandle kobukho betekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo zolawulo longcoliseko lwe-sodium cyanide, imingeni emininzi isekhona. Omnye weyona mingeni iphambili lixabiso eliphezulu elinxulunyaniswa nobuchwepheshe bonyango obukwinqanaba eliphezulu, ingakumbi kumashishini amancinci naphakathi. Ukongezelela, unyango lwe-cyanide eyinkimbinkimbi - equlethe amanzi amdaka, anokuthi abe nomxube we-cyanide compounds kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo, zifuna iindlela zonyango ezisebenzayo kunye neziguquguqukayo.

Ukujonga kwikamva, uphando olongezelelweyo kunye nophuhliso luyafuneka ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko - ukusebenza kakuhle kobuchwephesha obukhoyo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukulungiswa kweemeko zokusabela, ukuphuhliswa kwee-catalysts ezizinzile kunye nezisebenzayo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphononongwa kweengcamango ezintsha zonyango, ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwe-microorganisms eyenziwe ngofuzo ukwenzela ukonakaliswa kwe-cyanide ephuculweyo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinoveli ezineempawu ezizodwa zokususwa kwe-cyanide, kunesithembiso esikhulu sokulawula ungcoliseko lwe-sodium cyanide ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ukuqukumbela, uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokulawula ukungcoliseka kwe-sodium cyanide ibalulekile ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu. Uphuculo oluqhubekayo nokuveliswa kwezi teknoloji kuya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso loshishino oluzinzileyo kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.