UPhando kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide Control Technologies

intshayelelo

I-Sodium cyanide yikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino ezifana nokumba, ukufakelwa kwe-electroplating, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphathwa kwayo ngendlela engafanelekanga kunye nokulahla kwayo kunokukhokelela kungcoliseko olukhulu lokusingqongileyo kwaye kubeke umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo yabantu nakwiinkqubo zendalo. Ngenxa yoko, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe- Sodium cyanide esebenzayo Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ungcoliseko bube yindawo ebalulekileyo yophando kunye nokusebenza.

Iindlela zoNyango lwesiNtu loNgcoliseko lweSodium Cyanide

Ialkaline klorination

I-alkaline chlorination yenye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyangeni amanzi amdaka ane-cyanide. Kule nkqubo, iikhompawundi ezine-chlorine okanye i-chlorine (ezifana ne-sodium hypochlorite) zongezwa emanzini amdaka phantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline. Impendulo yenzeka ngamanyathelo amabini. Okokuqala, i-cyanide i-oxidized ibe yi-cyanogen chloride, ize emva koko i-cyanogen chloride i-hydrolyzes yenze i-cyanate. Ekugqibeleni, ii-ion ze-cyanate ziphinda zi-hydrolyzed ukuvelisa i-ammonia kunye ne -Carbon ates. Inkqubo yendabuko ye-alkaline chlorination idla ngokufuna i-pH ephezulu emalunga ne-10.5 kunye ne-high oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) ye-+ 600 mV. Nangona kunjalo, yinkqubo esetyenziswa kakhulu ngamakhemikhali, etya isixa esikhulu se-sodium hypochlorite. Umzekelo, kufuneka malunga neegaloni ezingama-23 zesisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite se-12.5% ​​ukutshabalalisa i-ounce enye ye-cyanide.

Unyango lwebhayoloji

Ukunyangwa kwebhayoloji ye-cyanide - equkethe amanzi amdaka kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwee-microorganisms ezithile. Iibhaktheriya zeAerobic ezifana nePseudomonas, Alcaligenes, kunye neAchromobacteria zinokukhupha i-cyanide ibe yicyanate. Emva koko, i-ion ye-cyanate iguqulwa ngokwebhayoloji ibe yi-ammonia kunye ne-bicarbonate. Le ndlela isebenzayo xa i-cyanide concentration kumanzi amdaka iphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ifuna ukulawulwa ngenyameko kweemeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, i-pH, kunye nobukho bezondlo ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukukhula kunye nomsebenzi we-microorganisms.

Indlela ye-Acidification

Indlela yokwenziwa kweasidi yindlela eqhelekileyo yokunyanga i-cyanide yoxinaniso ephezulu - equlathe amanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso efana nokwembiwa kwegolide kunye ne-cyanide electroplating. Ngale ndlela, amanzi amdaka afakwa acidity ukuze akhuphe igesi yehydrogen cyanide, enokuthi emva koko ifumaneke okanye inyangwe. Le ndlela inenzuzo yokukwazi ukubuyisela i-cyanide kumanzi amdaka, kodwa ifuna ukuphathwa ngononophelo kwegesi ekhutshiweyo ye-hydrogen cyanide ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.

Ubuchwephesha obutsha boLawulo lokuNgcoliseka kweSodium Cyanide

IiNkqubo eziNqobileyo zoXhoxiso (ii-AOPs)

Iinkqubo eziphambili ze-oxidation, ezifana ne-ozone oxidation kunye ne-ultraviolet (UV) - i-catalyzed oxidation, zibonakalise amandla amakhulu kunyango lwe- Sodium Cyanide - amanzi angcolisiweyo. I-ozone oxidation inokubolisa i-cyanide ibe zizinto ezingenabungozi kangako. Imolekyuli ye-ozone isabela kwi-cyanide, iphule iibhondi zeekhemikhali kwaye iyiguqule ibe ziikhompawundi ezizinzileyo ngakumbi. Kwelinye icala, i-UV - catalyzed oxidation, idla ngokusebenzisa ii-catalysts kunye nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunye nee-oxidants ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo ye-UV - H₂O₂, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kuyenza isebenze i-hydrogen peroxide, ivelise ii-radicals ze-hydroxyl ezisabela kakhulu ezinokubolisa i-cyanide ngokukhawuleza. Ezi nkqubo ngokubanzi zisebenza ngakumbi kwaye zinokufikelela kumanqanaba aphantsi e-cyanide asele xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli.

I-Nanotechnology - esekelwe kwiiNdlela

I-Nanotechnology ivela njengentsimi ethembisayo yokuphucula ulawulo longcoliseko lwecyanide. I-Nanomaterials, njenge-nanocatalysts, inokunyusa izinga lokusabela kweenkqubo zokuthotywa kwe-cyanide. Ngokomzekelo, i-nanocatalysts ethile yesinyithi inokukhetha ukukhuthaza i-oxidation ye-cyanide phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Ukongezelela, i-nanofiltration membranes ingasetyenziselwa ukwahlula i-cyanide kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo emanzini. Ezi membrane zineepores kwi-nanometer range, evumela ukususwa okusebenzayo kweeamolekyu ezincinci kunye ne-ion, kuquka i-cyanide, ngelixa igcina izinto ezixabisekileyo kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wenkunkuma owenziwe.

Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweeTekhnoloji zokuLawula ukuNgcoliseka kweSodium Cyanide

Kwishishini lezeMigodi

Kwimigodi yegolide, apho i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu ekutsaleni igolide, iiteknoloji zokulawula ungcoliseko zibaluleke kakhulu. Umzekelo, eminye imisebenzi emikhulu yokwemba iye yamkela indibaniselwano ye-alkaline chlorination kunye nonyango lwebhayoloji. Okokuqala, inkqubo ye-alkaline chlorination isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-cyanide enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kumanzi amdaka asezintanjeni ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Emva koko, amanzi amdaka anyangwa ngakumbi ngokwebhayoloji ukuze ahlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yokukhupha indalo. Kwezinye iimeko, iiteknoloji ezintsha ezifana ne-UV-catalyzed oxidation nazo ziyavavanywa. Imigodi kwiindawo ezinobuthathaka kokusingqongileyo ikhuthazwa ngokukodwa ukuba isebenzise iiteknoloji eziphambili nezisebenzayo zokulawula ungcoliseko ukunciphisa impembelelo kwiinkqubo zendalo ezingqongileyo.

Kwi-Industrial Waste Water Treatment

Imizi-mveliso ye-Electroplating esebenzisa iibhafu ze-cyanide ezisekelwe kwi-plating nazo zivelisa isixa esibalulekileyo se-cyanide - equlethe amanzi amdaka. Izityalo ezininzi zanamhlanje ze-electroplating zifake kwi-site indawo yokucoca amanzi amdaka. Bahlala besebenzisa uluhlu lwamanyathelo onyango, ngokuqala ngemvula yentsimbi enzima ehambelana ne-cyanide complexes, elandelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kwe-cyanide yamahhala usebenzisa iindlela ezifana ne-alkaline chlorination okanye iinkqubo ze-oxidation eziphambili. Ezinye izityalo zikwaphumeze iinkqubo zokubeka iliso eziqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi amdaka acociweyo ahlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo phambi kokuba akhutshelwe kwisixokelelwano sogutyulo okanye kumanzi angaphezulu.

Imingeni kunye neeNjongo zexesha elizayo

Ngaphandle kobukho betekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo zolawulo longcoliseko lwe-sodium cyanide, imingeni emininzi isekhona. Omnye weyona mingeni iphambili lixabiso eliphezulu elinxulunyaniswa nobuchwepheshe bonyango obukwinqanaba eliphezulu, ingakumbi kumashishini amancinci naphakathi. Ukongezelela, unyango lwe-cyanide eyinkimbinkimbi - equlethe amanzi amdaka, anokuthi abe nomxube we-cyanide compounds kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo, zifuna iindlela zonyango ezisebenzayo kunye neziguquguqukayo.

Ukujonga kwikamva, uphando olongezelelweyo kunye nophuhliso luyafuneka ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko - ukusebenza kakuhle kobuchwephesha obukhoyo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukulungiswa kweemeko zokusabela, ukuphuhliswa kwee-catalysts ezizinzile kunye nezisebenzayo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphononongwa kweengcamango ezintsha zonyango, ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwe-microorganisms eyenziwe ngofuzo ukwenzela ukonakaliswa kwe-cyanide ephuculweyo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinoveli ezineempawu ezizodwa zokususwa kwe-cyanide, kunesithembiso esikhulu sokulawula ungcoliseko lwe-sodium cyanide ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ukuqukumbela, uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokulawula ukungcoliseka kwe-sodium cyanide ibalulekile ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu. Uphuculo oluqhubekayo nokuveliswa kwezi teknoloji kuya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso loshishino oluzinzileyo kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.