Ingxoxo ngeTekhnoloji yokuKhipha iGolide ngeSodium Cyanide

intshayelelo

Igolide, intsimbi exabisekileyo exatyiswe kakhulu ngenxa yokunqaba kwayo, ukugubeka kwayo, nokuxhathisa ukudleka kwayo, ibiluphawu lobutyebi nokunaniselana kangangeenkulungwane. Ukukhutshwa kwegolide kwi-ores yayo yinkqubo enzima eye yavela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe Isodium cyanide in Ukutsalwa kwegolide, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cyanidation, ibiyeyona ndlela iphambili ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Esi sithuba sebhlog siza kuphonononga kwiinkcukacha zobu buchule, imigaqo yayo yokusebenza, ukuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo nokhuseleko, kunye namathemba ekamva.

Indima yeCyanide kwiSimbi seGolide

Iphendula njani iCyanide ngeGolide

I-Cyanide, ikhompawundi yekhemikhali equlethe ICarbon kunye ne-nitrogen, zenza i-complex enyibilikayo enegolide xa kukho ioksijini. Impendulo ingamelwa yile equation yekhemikhali ilandelayo:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH

Kule mpendulo, igolide i-oxidized kwaye yenza i-stable, e-soluble complex, i-sodium auroi-cyanide (Na[Au(CN)₂]). Oku kuvumela igolide ukuba yahlulwe kwi-matrix ye-ore kwaye ibuyiselwe ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezilandelayo.

Iimeko zeCyanidation esebenzayo

Ukuze inkqubo ye-cyanidation isebenze, iimeko ezininzi kufuneka zifezekiswe. Ugxininiso lwe Isodium cyanide kwisisombululo se-leaching ngokuqhelekileyo sisuka kwi-100 ppm ukuya kwi-500 ppm (0.01% - 0.05%). Izinga le-pH elichanekileyo, elihlala lijikeleze i-10 - 11. ligcinwa ukuthintela ukubunjwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, enetyhefu kakhulu. Ukongezelela, ubukho be-oksijini bubalulekile, njengoko isebenza njenge-oxidizing agent ekuphenduleni. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ngenxa yokukhathazeka kweendleko, ukungeniswa kwe-oksijini eyongezelelweyo ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokukhupha akusoloko kuqhutyelwa kwiimill.

Inkqubo yeCyanide Leaching

Ukulungiswa kwentsimbi ekrwada

Ngaphambi kokuba i-cyanide leaching, i-ore ethwele igolide kufuneka ilungiswe. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya ukutyunyuzwa nokusila intsimbi ekrwada ukwandisa indawo yayo. I-ore particles icolekileyo, igolide ibonakaliswe kwisisombululo se-cyanide, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Emva kokutyunyuzwa nokusila, intsimbi ekrwada inokuphinda iqhubekeke ngokwahlulwa komxhuzulane okanye ngokuphaphatheka ukuze kususwe ezinye zezimbiwa ze-ganggue kwaye kugxininiswe kwiqhezu elithwele igolide.

Haap Leaching

Ukucocwa kwemfumba yindlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimisebenzi yokomba igolide. Kule nkqubo, i-ore elungisiweyo ifakwe kwiimfumba ezinkulu kwi-liner engenamanzi. Isisombululo esixubileyo se sodium cyanide iye itshizwe okanye ithontsizwe kwimfumba yentsimbi. Njengoko isisombululo sityhutyha imfumba, sisabelana negolide ekwintsimbi ekrwada, senza igolide enyibilikayo - icyanide complexes. Ezi zakhiwo ziqokelelwa ezantsi kwemfumba echibini okanye kwinkqubo yokuqokelela.

I-Heap Leaching inexabiso elisebenzayo, ngakumbi kwii-ore zomgangatho ophantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ifuna ukulawulwa ngononophelo ukuthintela ukuvuza kwe-cyanide - equlethe izisombululo kokusingqongileyo.

I-Vat Leaching (IziMili eziLawulwayo)

Ivat leaching, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-vat cyanidation okanye i-agitation leaching, ihlala isenziwa kwindawo yokusila ekhethekileyo kwindawo yemigodi. Ngale ndlela, intsimbi ekrwada ecolekileyo ifakwa kwiivathi okanye iitanki. I-cyanide-equlethe isisombululo iyongezwa, kwaye umxube uyaphazamiseka ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano oluhle phakathi kwentsimbi kunye nesisombululo. Ioksijini emoyeni okanye ngamanye amaxesha ioksijini eyongezelelweyo iqaliswa ukuququzelela ukusabela.

Kuthelekiswa ne Ukukhutshwa kwemfumba, i-vat leaching ivumela ulawulo olungcono lweemeko zokuvuza, ezifana nobushushu, i-pH, kunye nesantya sokuphazamiseka. Nangona kunjalo, kubiza kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo sezixhobo ezizodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla.

Ukubuyiswa kweGolide kwiCyanide Solutions

Emva kokuba igolide inyibilikisiwe kwisisombululo se-cyanide, kufuneka ibuyiselwe. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zoku:

1. ICarbon - in - Leach (CIL) kunye neCarbon - in - Pulp (CIP): Kwinkqubo ye-CIL, i-carbon activated yongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-cyanide - leached pulp. Iikhompleksi zegolide - icyanide zibhengezwa kumphezulu wekhabhoni esebenzayo ngenxa yendawo ephezulu kunye neempawu ezinamandla zokubhengeza. Kwinkqubo ye-CIP, i-pulp iqala ukuhlukana nesisombululo, kwaye ke isisombululo sigqithiswa ngoluhlu lwamatanki azaliswe ngekhabhoni esebenzayo. Emva kwe-adsorption, ikhabhoni elayishwe ngegolide iyasuswa kwinkqubo kwaye iphinde iqhutywe ukuze kubuyiselwe igolide.

2. Imvula yeZinc: Uthuli lwe-zinc okanye i-zinc shavings inokongezwa kwisisombululo segolide-cyanide. I-Zinc ine-electropositive ngakumbi kunegolide, ngoko ke isusa igolide kwigolide-cyanide complex. Impendulo yile ilandelayo:

2Na[Au(CN)₂] + Zn → 2Au + Na₂[Zn(CN)₄]

Igolide efunyenweyo inokwahlulwa kwisisombululo ngokuhluzwa okanye intlenga.

Iingqwalasela zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko

Ubuthi beCyanide

I-Cyanide yikhemikhali eyityhefu kakhulu. Kwiindawo eziphezulu, kunokuba yingozi ebantwini, kwizilwanyana, nakwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Kumxholo wokumbiwa kwegolide, eyona nkxalabo kukukhutshwa okunokwenzeka kwe-cyanide kokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi kumanzi angaphezulu. Intlanzi inomdla kakhulu kwi-cyanide, kwaye namanqanaba aphantsi e-cyanide emanzini anokuba nefuthe elibi kwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.

Ulawulo lwendalo

Ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kwimigodi yegolide, amanyathelo amaninzi athatyathwa. Imigodi kufuneka ihambelane nemimiselo engqongqo malunga nokukhutshwa kwe-cyanide - equlethe izisombululo. Izixhobo zokuthungatha, apho i-cyanide eseleyo-equlethe izisombululo kunye nezinto ezilahlwayo zigcinwe, zenzelwe iilayini ezingenakunqandwa ukuthintela ukuvuza. Ukongezelela, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa okanye ukususa i-cyanide kwizisombululo ngaphambi kokukhutshwa. Ezi ndlela ziquka i-chemical oxidation, unyango lwe-biological, kunye nokusetyenziswa kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ukuphula i-cyanide.

Uninzi lwemisebenzi yemigodi ikwajolise ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona nasekusebenziseni intsalela yecyanide kwiisekethe zokusetyenzwa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwecyanide.

Amanyathelo oKhuseleko kubasebenzi

Abasebenzi basemgodini basemngciphekweni wokuvezwa kumanqanaba anetyhefu ecyanide. Ukukhusela abasebenzi, imigodi iphumeza uluhlu lwamanyathelo okhuseleko. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-automation ukunciphisa ukudibana ngokuthe ngqo komntu kunye ne-cyanide - equlethe izinto, ukubonelela abasebenzi ngempahla efanelekileyo yokukhusela, njengeeglavu, iifaskoti, kunye neziphefumlo, kunye nokuqhuba iinkqubo zoqeqesho zokhuseleko rhoqo.

Ithemba Elizayo

Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi, indlela yokutsalwa kwegolide esekwe kwicyanide ijongene nemingeni ngenxa yeenkxalabo zayo zokusingqongileyo nokhuseleko. Ngenxa yoko, kukho umdla okhulayo ekuphuhliseni ezinye iindlela, iindlela zobuchule zokukhupha igolide ezivumelana nokusingqongileyo. Obunye bobu buchule buvelayo bubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-thiosulfate, i-bromide, okanye ulwelo lwe-ionic njengezinye iindlela zokuxilisa. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndlela zisekwinqanaba lovavanyo okanye kwangoko-inqanaba lokuthengisa kwaye zinemida yazo ngokweendleko-ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Okwangoku, ishishini lemigodi yegolide liza kuqhubeka ligxile ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kokusingqongileyo kwenkqubo yecyanide - leaching. Oku kuquka ukuphuculwa ngakumbi kokusetyenziswa kwecyanide, ukuqinisa iindlela zonyango lwecyanide - equlathe inkunkuma, nokomeleza ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ekutsalweni kwegolide kuye kwaba sisiseko soshishino lwemigodi yegolide yanamhlanje. Ibonelela ngendlela esebenzayo ngokwentelekiso kunye neendleko - esebenzayo yokukhupha igolide kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeentsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, ubutyhefu be-cyanide kunye neempembelelo zayo ezinokuthi zibekho zokusingqongileyo azikwazi ukuhoywa. Njengoko ishishini liqhubela phambili, kufuneka kubekho ulungelelwano phakathi kweenzuzo zoqoqosho zokumbiwa kwegolide kunye nesidingo sokukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Nokuba ngokuphuculwa kweenkqubo ezikhoyo ezisekelwe kwicyanide okanye ngokuphuhlisa ubuchwephesha obutsha, obunye, ikamva lokutsalwa kwegolide lisekufumaneni iindlela ezizinzileyo nezikhuselekileyo.