Ukusetyenziswa kweNkqubo ye-All-Slime Cyanidation Carbon-in-Pulp Gold Extraction e-China

intshayelelo

Kwicandelo lokumbiwa kwegolide kunye nokutsalwa kwayo, inkqubo ye -carbon -in-pulp (CIP) ye-all-slime cyanidation iye yavela njengeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo. Le nkqubo isebenza kakhulu ekuphatheni i-ore zegolide ezinomthamo ophezulu wodongwe kunye nobukhulu obuncinci bamasuntswana. E-China, ngenxa yemithombo yayo yegolide etyebileyo kunye nemfuno ekhulayo yegolide, inkqubo ye-CIP ye-all-slime cyanidation iye yasetyenziswa ngokubanzi, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kushishino lwemigodi yegolide lwasekhaya.

Imigaqo ye-All-Slime Cyanidation Carbon-in-Pulp Process

Inkqubo ye-CIP ye-cyanidation epheleleyo yindibaniselwano yamanyathelo amabini abalulekileyo: i-Cyanidation leaching kunye ne-carbon-in-pulp adsorption.

I-Cyanidation Leaching

Ukutsalwa kwe-cyanidation yeyona nto iphambili kule nkqubo. Iintsimbi zegolide, emva kokuba zityunyuziwe, zicoliwe, kwaye zicoliwe, zixutywe nesisombululo se -cyanide . Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo ze-pH, ubushushu, kunye nokunikezelwa kweoksijini, igolide ekwi-ore isabela kunye nee-ion ze-cyanide ukuze zenze ii-complexes ze-cyanide zegolide ezinyibilikayo. Impendulo yeekhemikhali ingachazwa ngolu hlobo:

Oku kusabela kuvumela igolide ukuba inyibilikiswe kwi-ore matrix kwisisombululo, isahlule kwiminerali ye-ganggue.

ICarbon-in-Pulp Adsorption

Xa igolide inyibilikisiwe kwisisombululo se-cyanide, i-granular Activated Carbon yongezwa ngqo kwi-leaching pulp. I-activated carbon inomthamo oqinileyo wokufunxa i-gold cyanide complexes. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokufunxa i-physical kunye neekhemikhali, igolide ifunxwa kumphezulu we-activated carbon, yahlula igolide kwisisombululo se-cyanide ngempumelelo. Eli nyathelo lisusa isidingo seenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokwahlulwa kwe-solid-liquid kwiindlela zendabuko ze-cyanidation, okwenza kube lula inkqubo yokukhupha iyonke.

Imbali yoPhuhliso lweNkqubo ye-CIP ye-Cyanidation yonke ye-Slime e-China

Uhambo lwase-China kunye nenkqubo ye-CIP ye-slime yonke i-cyanidation yaqala emva kumashumi eminyaka.

Amanqanaba okuqala

Phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20, ishishini lemigodi yegolide laseTshayina lalixhomekeke kakhulu kwiindlela zemveli zokukhupha iGolide , ezazinemida ekuphatheni i-ore enzima. Njengoko imfuno yegolide yayisanda kwaye kwafunyaniswa iidiphozithi zegolide ezinzima ngakumbi, kwakukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokwazisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokukhupha. Inkqubo ye-CIP ye-cyanidation ye-slime yaziswa kwaye yafundwa kancinci kancinci. Kwiminyaka yoo-1970 kunye noo-1980, uphando lokuqala kunye novavanyo lwe-pilot lwenziwa kwezinye iimigodi zegolide. Umzekelo, kwezinye iimigodi kwiPhondo laseHeilongjiang, kwenziwa imizamo yokusebenzisa le nkqubo ukunyanga i-ore zegolide zasekuhlaleni, nto leyo eyabeka isiseko sesicelo sayo esikhulu kwixesha elizayo.

Ukwandiswa kunye nokuVula

Kumashumi eminyaka alandelayo, ngokwenziwa ngokutsha kwetekhnoloji eqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa, inkqubo ye-CIP ye-slime yonke i-cyanidation yaqala ukukhuthazwa ngokubanzi kwaye isetyenziswe kwilizwe lonke. Kwiminyaka yoo-1990 kunye no-2000, imigodi yegolide emininzi e-Henan, e-Shandong, e-Jilin, nakwamanye amaphondo akha imigca yemveliso ye-CIP ye-cyanidation yonke. Le migodi ngokuqhubekayo iphucula iiparameters zenkqubo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo, kunye namaqela aqeqeshiweyo aqeqeshiweyo. Ngenxa yoko, izinga lokubuyisela igolide liye landa ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye iindleko zokuvelisa zalawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, inkqubo ye-CIP ye-slime yonke i-cyanidation iye yaba yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokutsalwa kwegolide e-China, ebonisa inxalenye ebalulekileyo yemveliso yegolide yelizwe.

Izicelo zeNkqubo ye-CIP ye-Cyanidation ye-All-Slime kwiiMgodi zeGolide ezahlukeneyo eChina

Iphondo leShandong

IShandong lelona phondo livelisa igolide eTshayina. Imigodi yegolide emininzi apha yamkele inkqubo ye-CIP ye-Cyanidation ye-slime yonke. Umzekelo, iJiaojia Gold Mine. Intsimbi ekrwada kuMgodi weGolide weJiaojia ineempawu ezithile zobungakanani besuntswana elicolekileyo kunye nomxholo wodongwe ophezulu. Emva kokwamkela inkqubo ye-CIP ye-Cyanidation ye-slime yonke, izinga lokubuyisela igolide liye laphuculwa kakhulu. Ngolawulo olungqongqo lokucolwa kokucolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba amasuntswana egolide atyhilekile ngokupheleleyo, ukulungelelanisa ugxininiso lwecyanide kunye nexesha lokuvuza ngokweempawu zentsimbi ekrwada, kunye nokuphucula inkqubo ye-carbon adsorption, izinga lokubuyiswa kwegolide kuMgodi weGolide weJiaojia lifikelele kwi-90%. Oku akwanelanga nje kuphela inzuzo yoqoqosho lomgodi kodwa kuphucule izinga lokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yobutyebi.

Iphondo laseHenan

EHenan, indawo yaseLingbao inobutyebi begolide. Umgodi weGolide waseYangzhaiyu eLingbao ngumzekelo oqhelekileyo wokusebenzisa inkqubo yeCIP ye-slime cyanidation yonke. Umgodi unomgca omkhulu wemveliso weCIP ye-slime yonke i-cyanidation. Ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso, ukongeza ekulandeleni amanyathelo enkqubo esemgangathweni, iye yongeza kwakhona iinkqubo ezintsha zonyango lwentsimbi ekrwada. Ngokomzekelo, ngonyango lwe-oxidation yangaphambili kwezinye ii-ores eziphikisayo, ubunzima be-cyanidation leaching bancitshiswa, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yonke ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation yaphuculwa. Impumelelo yoMgodi weGolide waseYangzhaiyu ikwaqhubele phambili ukuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe beminye imigodi yegolide kulo mmandla.

Iphondo laseJilin

I-Hushan Gold Mine kwiPhondo laseJilin iphinda isebenzise ngokupheleleyo inkqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation. Ngenxa yemozulu ebandayo yendawo kunye neempawu zentsimbi ekrwada, umgodi wenze uhlengahlengiso oluthile kwinkqubo. Ngokomzekelo, ebusika, amanyathelo akhethekileyo athathwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo kwiindawo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa, njengokufudumeza i-slurry kunye nokuphucula inkqubo yokuphefumula kwi-tank leaching. Ngokwenza njalo, umgodi uye wagcina imveliso ezinzileyo kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokubuyisela igolide, ebonisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwenkqubo ye-CIP ye-slime yonke i-cyanidation kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zejografi kunye nemozulu.

Izinto eziluncedo kwiNkqubo yeCIP ye-Cyanidation ye-All-Slime e-China

Ixabiso eliphezulu lokuBuyisa iGolide

Inkqubo ye-CIP ye-slime yonke i-cyanidation inokufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokubuyiswa kwegolide, idla ngokufikelela ngaphezu kwama-85% kwimigodi yegolide emininzi e-China. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kwi-pulp inokubamba ngokufanelekileyo i-cyanide complexes zegolide, ukunciphisa ilahleko yegolide kwisisombululo se-leaching. Umzekelo, kwimigodi yegolide ekhankanywe ngasentla, ngokuqhubeka nokuphucula inkqubo, izinga lokubuyisela liye laphuculwa ngakumbi, eliphezulu kakhulu kunezinye iindlela zendabuko zokutsalwa kwegolide.

Ukuhamba kweNkqubo elula

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokutsalwa kwegolide, inkqubo ye-CIP ye-slime yonke i-cyanidation inomqukuqelo olula. Ishiya amanyathelo okwahlula okuqinileyo okuqinileyo okuqinileyo, okufana nokuhluzwa kunye nokuhlamba ngeendlela zemveli ze-cyanidation. Oku kulula akunciphisi nje utyalo-mali kwizixhobo kunye neziseko zophuhliso kodwa kukwalula ukusebenza kunye nokulawulwa komgca wemveliso, okwenza kube lula ukulawula inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okusilela kwenkqubo.

Ukuziqhelanisa neOre ezahlukeneyo

Inkqubo ibonisa ukuguquguquka okulungileyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zegolide, ngakumbi ezo zinomxholo ophezulu wodongwe kunye nobukhulu bamasuntswana. Nokuba yigolide ekrwada ene-oxidized, igolide yesulfide, okanye ezinye iintsimbi ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo ezinxulunyaniswa negolide, inkqubo yeCIP ye-slime cyanidation yonke inokulungelelaniswa kwaye iphuculwe ngokweempawu zeore ukufumana iziphumo ezingcono zokutsalwa. Oku kuziqhelanisa kwenze iTshayina yakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokukuko uluhlu olubanzi lwemithombo yegolide ekrwada.

Imingeni kunye nezisombululo kwiSicelo seNkqubo ye-CIP ye-Cyanidation ye-All-Slime e-China

Iingxaki zokusiNgqongileyo

Omnye wemingeni ephambili yenkqubo ye-CIP ye-slime cyanidation kukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide, enetyhefu kakhulu. Nangona iChina inemigaqo engqongqo kunye namanyathelo olawulo okusetyenziswa kunye nokulahlwa kwe-cyanide, kusekho imingcipheko enokubakho kokusingqongileyo. Ukuphendula, imigodi yegolide yaseTshayina iqinise amanyathelo okukhusela okusingqongileyo. Ngokomzekelo, baye bakha iinkqubo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka e-cyanide eziphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo we-cyanide kumanzi amdaka akhutshiweyo uhlangabezana nemigangatho kazwelonke. Eminye imigodi ikwaphanda ngenkuthalo kwaye isebenzisa ezinye ii-arhente zokuncitshiswa okanye ukubuyisela endaweni yokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide, njengophuhliso kunye novavanyo lokusetyenziswa kwe-thiosulfate kunye nezinye iindlela ze-bio-leaching.

Ore Refractoriness

Olunye intsimbi ekrwada eChina iyaqhambuka, nto leyo ethetha ukuba igolide ekwintsimbi ekrwada kunzima ukutsalwa yicyanide. Oku kunokunciphisa izinga lokubuyisela igolide kunye nokunyusa iindleko zemveliso. Ukujongana nalo mba, imigodi yegolide ihlala isebenzisa iindlela zonyango lwangaphambili. Iindlela zonyango zangaphambi kokunyanga zibandakanya ukugaya kakuhle, ukutshisa, kunye ne-high-pressure oxidation. Iindlela zonyango lwaphambi kweekhemikhali ezifana ne-bio-oxidation nazo ziyakhuthazwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ezi ndlela zonyango zangaphambili zinokwaphula ubume beeminerali ezichasayo, ziveze amasuntswana egolide, kwaye ziphucule ukusebenza kwe-cyanidation leaching.

Amathemba ekamva leNkqubo ye-CIP ye-Cyanidation ye-Slime yonke e-China

Ubugcisa obuTsha

Kwixesha elizayo, ukuveliswa kweteknoloji eqhubekayo kuya kuba ngundoqo kuphuhliso lwenkqubo ye-CIP ye-slime yonke i-cyanidation e-China. Uphando kunye neenzame zophuhliso ziya kugxila ekuphuculeni ngakumbi izinga lokubuyisela igolide, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, kunye nokuphucula ubuhlobo bendalo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuphuhliswa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo esebenzayo kunye nomthamo ophezulu we-adsorption kunye nokukhetha kwegolide kuya kuba ngulwalathiso olubalulekileyo. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokulawula ezikrelekrele kwinkqubo yokufezekisa uhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo lweparameter yenkqubo kunye nokubekwa kweliso kwexesha langempela kwimveliso kuya kuphononongwa ngenkuthalo.

Ukwandiswa koMda wosetyenziso

Ngokufunyanwa okuqhubekayo kweedipozithi ezintsha zegolide kunye nemfuno ekhulayo yegolide, inkqubo ye-CIP ye-slime yonke i-cyanidation kulindeleke ukuba isetyenziswe kwimigodi yegolide eninzi e-China. Kwangaxeshanye, isenokwandiswa kunyango lwezinye izinto ezikrwada zegolide ezikwinqanaba elisezantsi kunye nenkunkuma yemizi-mveliso enegolide, yandise ngakumbi umda wokusetyenziswa kobutyebi kunye negalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo loshishino lwemigodi yegolide.

isiphelo

Inkqubo yonke ye-cyanidation ye-cyanidation carbon-in-pulp idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini lemigodi yegolide yaseTshayina. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nophuculo kule minyaka idlulileyo, ibonise inzuzo ebalulekileyo ekutsalweni kwegolide. Nangona ijongene nemingeni ethile, ngeenzame ezidibeneyo zoshishino kutshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, inkqubo ye-CIP ye-slime yonke i-cyanidation kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokuphuhlisa kunye negalelo elingakumbi kwimveliso yegolide yase-China kunye nokusetyenziswa kobutyebi kwixesha elizayo.