Imisebenzi yeCyanidation kunye neCarbon-in-Pulp (CIP) Iinkqubo zokutsalwa kweGolide

I-cyanidation yokukhutshwa kwegolide yamkelwe ngokubanzi kwimigodi yegolide ngenxa yokuguquguquka okunamandla kwii-ores ezahlukeneyo, amandla okuvelisa igolide kwindawo, kunye namazinga aphezulu okubuyisela. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeenkxalabo zovavanyo lokusingqongileyo, imigodi icoca ilindle phambi okanye emva kokuba ingene kwindawo yokugcina amanzi ukuze ikhuphe iqanda, okanye isebenzise amanzi aphantsi-i-cyanide okanye ii-leaching agents ezingenayo i-cyanide ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kwengingqi. Eli nqaku lazisa ngemisebenzi ye-cyanidation kunye ICarbon-inkqubo yokukhupha igolide ngaphakathi kwipulp. Injongo ayikokuqonda nje kuphela iindlela zokukhupha igolide kodwa kukuphelisa ungcoliseko kunye nokuqalisa ukusekwa kwemigodi enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.

I-Cyanidation yeGold Extraction

Imiba yokusebenza ibandakanya ukuxinana kwecyanide neoksijini, ubushushu, ubungakanani kunye nokumila kwamasuntswana egolide kwintsimbi ekrwada, ukuxinana kwentlama, umxholo weslime, ifilimu engaphezulu yamasuntswana egolide, kunye nexesha lokuvuza.

Xa umyinge we-cyanide usezantsi, ukunyibilika kweoksijini kuphezulu, kwaye izinga lokunyibilika kwegolide lixhomekeke Ugxininiso lweCyanide. Xa uxinaniso lwecyanide luphezulu, izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide limiselwa kuphela kukuxinana kweoksijini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-cyanide concentrations ukusuka kwi-0.03% ukuya kwi-0.05%. Ukongeza ii-oxidants ezithile, i-leaching aids, okanye ukwazisa ngokuthe ngqo ioksijini iphucula kakhulu isiphumo se-leaching.

Umzekelo, iplanti ye-carbon-in-pulp endaweni yomoya yafaka ioksijini-igesi etyebileyo (enomthamo weoksijini ongaphezulu kwama-90%) kwaye wawuyitofa kwitanki yokuvuza. Ngenxa yoko, izinga le-leaching linyuke ngeepesenti ze-0.89. I-concentrator yongeza i-98% ye-acetate yelothe kwisantya se-0.1 kg ngetoni yentsimbi ekrwada kwitanki yokuqala yokuvuza. Ngenxa yoko, ibakala legolide leentsalela zezimbiwa lehlile ukusuka kwi-0.218 g/t ukuya kwi-0.209 g/t.

Izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide kwisisombululo se-cyanide landa ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubushushu bugcinwa buphakathi kwe-10°C kunye ne-20°C. Ngaphantsi kwe-1.34 ° C, isisombululo sibonakalisa. Ngoko ke, ebusika, iingxingwa zasemantla zihlala zisebenzisa iitotshi ezivuthuzayo ukubhaka imibhobho evalekileyo. Ngaphezulu kwe-34.7 ° C, isisombululo sijika sibe yimeko yolwelo, kwaye igesi ihlala ibaleka. Ukuzinzisa kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yeekhemikhali, isixa esifanelekileyo se-alkali, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-alkali ekhuselayo, ngokuqhelekileyo yongezwa ukukhuthaza ukusabela kwicala le-hydrolysis ebuthakathaka.

Igolide ecwengileyo inommandla omkhulu oveziweyo emva kokusila kwaye inyibilika ngokulula ngecyanidation. Ukongezelela, amasuntswana egolide akwimo yeeflakes, amangqukuva amancinci, kunye nalawo anemingxuma yangaphakathi kulula ukunyibilika. Xa i-pulp concentration iphantsi, i-viscosity incinci, kwaye amazinga okusasazwa kwee-ion ze-cyanide kunye ne-oksijini kwisisombululo kumphezulu wamasuntswana egolide aphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, igolide inyibilika ngokukhawuleza, kwaye izinga le-leaching liphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ugxininiso oluphantsi luya kwandisa umthamo we-pulp, okukhokelela kwiimfuno ezinkulu zezixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwe-reagent. Ugxininiso olufanelekileyo lwe-pulp luyi-40% - 50%. Xa i-ore iqulethe isixa esikhulu se-slime kwaye ineempawu ezinzima, ukugxininiswa kufuneka kulawulwe kwi-20% - 30%.

Ukungcola kwenza iifilimu ezahlukeneyo kumphezulu weengqungquthela zegolide, ezichaphazela ukukhutshwa kwegolide. Iiminerali ezidityanisiweyo zisabela ngeoksijini, icyanide, kunye nealkali, zithintele ukukhutshwa kwegolide. Njengoko ixesha le-leaching likhula, izinga le-leaching likhuphukela kumda othile, kodwa ke izinga liyancipha. Oku kungenxa yokuba umthamo kunye nobungakanani besuntswana legolide liyehla, umgama ophakathi kwecyanide, ioksijini enyibilikileyo, kunye nezakhiwo zegolide uyakhula, kwaye ukufumba kobumdaka kwenza ifilimu eyingozi ekuphumeni. "I-jamming" ye-agitator kwi-tank leaching, ebangelwa ukugxininiswa okuphezulu, ukucolwa okuphantsi, umthamo womoya ophantsi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwesakhiwo phakathi kwe-impeller ephantsi kunye nezantsi kwetanki, nako kuchaphazela ukuchithwa kwegolide. Emva kokuba iitanki kwindawo yokusebenzela ye-cyanidation ixinile, abasebenzi bajikelezisa umatshini ngesandla kwaye basebenzisa imipu yamanzi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, imipu yomoya, kunye neentsimbi ezinde ukuze bavule imibhobho. Ekugqibeleni, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukucocwa phakathi kwe-impeller ephantsi kunye nezantsi kwetanki kwakuphindwe kane ixabiso eliqhelekileyo. Ingxaki yasonjululwa emva kohlengahlengiso.

Inkqubo yeCarbon-in-Pulp (CIP) yokuNxilwa kweGolide

Izinto ezisebenzayo ziquka ukufunxwa Ikhabhoni esebenzayo, ukucocwa kunye nokuchithwa kwe-electrolysis, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona kwekhabhoni.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ikhabhoni entsha, kuyimfuneko "ukujikeleza imiphetho kwaye ususe inkunkuma" ngokusila kwangaphambili. Xa kuthengwa ikhabhoni, zombini amandla e-adsorption kunye namandla kufuneka aqinisekiswe. Ubuninzi bokupakisha kufuneka bube ngu-0.50 kg / L - 0.55 kg / L, kwaye ubungakanani beqhekeza kufuneka bube buqhelekileyo kwaye bufane, ngokubanzi 6 - 12 mesh okanye 6 - 16 mesh. Isiqulatho sothuthu kunye nomxholo wamasuntswana angaphantsi akufanele kudlule i-3%. Kwisityalo se-carbon-in-pulp, umxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni engumgubo ukhokelele kwibakala legolide lelwelo lomsila libe ngaphezulu kwamaxesha ali-16 ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo, okukhokelela kwilahleko yegolide. Ngenxa yoko, ikhabhoni kwafuneka itshintshwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ubuninzi bekhabhoni kwiitanki ze-adsorption buyanda kwi-gradient. Ukuqwalasela ukuguga kwekhabhoni, ukutsalwa rhoqo kunenzuzo ekubuyiseleni igolide. Isityalo se-carbon-in-pulp sitshintshe umjikelo wokutsalwa kwekhabhoni ukusuka kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kuzo zonke ezinye iintsuku, kwaye imveliso yanda ngekota. Xa itanki iphuphuma kwaye i-carbon iphelile, igolide inyanzelekile ukuba ilahleke. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kukuvaleka kwekhabhoni - ukugcina isikrini. I-Debris kufuneka isuswe kwangaphambili emva kokuhlelwa kunye ne-hydrocyclone. Iscreen esithe tyaba esisilinda sisetyenziswa njengekhabhoni - isikrini sokugcina. Ingxaki ingasonjululwa ngokunciphisa i-pulp concentration okanye ingxinano yekhabhoni esezantsi kunye nokunyusa umthamo womoya we-air duct ecaleni kwesikrini.

Ukuvuza kwekhabhoni kwitanki yokugqibela ye-adsorption ayinqweneleki kakhulu. Isikrini sokhuseleko se-40-mesh kwitanki yokuxuba ii-tailings isebenza njengendawo yokukhangela ebalulekileyo. Kufuneka ihlolwe kwaye igcinwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwayo. Ukunciphisa ukunxitywa kwekhabhoni, i-low-speed agitation isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.

I-Desorption kunye ne-electrolysis iqhutyelwa kwisisombululo se-1% ye-sodium hydroxide kunye Isodium cyanide phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-0.35 MPa - 0.39 MPa, ukufikelela kwi-desorption kwi-135 ° C - 160 ° C, engaphezulu kwendawo yokubilisa yesisombululo. Ibakala legolide lekhabhoni ebhityileyo lingaphantsi kwama-50 g/t. Okwangoku, i-cyanide-free desorption kunye ne-electrolysis isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwekhabhoni, ngokuqhelekileyo ifakwe kwi-3% - 5% ihlambulule i-nitric acid okanye i-hydrochloric acid kwi-0.5 - 1 iyure. Abasebenzi bafanele bayishukumise ngamaxesha athile. Emva kokuyikhupha kwitanki, ifakwe emanzini ukuze isuse isisombululo se-asidi. Emva koko, ifakwe kwi-1% ye-sodium hydroxide ukuze i-neutralize i-asidi eseleyo. Ekugqibeleni, ihlanjwe nge-2 - 3 amaxesha umthamo webhedi yekhabhoni.