Iinkalo zesicelo kunye nokubaluleka kwe-sodium cyanide

intshayelelo

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN), umgubo omhlophe wekristale, yikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Nangona inobungozi, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zekhemikhali. Eli nqaku lijonga kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwe- sodium cyanide kwaye ligxininisa ukubaluleka kwayo.

Ukumbiwa kweCyanide: Ukukhupha iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo

Inkqubo yeGold Cyanidation

I-cyanidation yegolide, eyaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-cyanide, yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhupheni igolide kwii-ore ezikumgangatho ophantsi. Ngaphezulu kwe-70% yokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kwihlabathi liphela inikezelwe kule njongo. Kule nkqubo, i-Sodium Cyanide isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa isinyithi segolide. Ngenxa yobudlelwane obuqinileyo phakathi kwegolide ne-cyanide, igolide ekwi-ore iyanyibilika kwaye inyibilike xa ivezwe emoyeni, kwi-oksijini, nasemanzini. Le ndlela ivumela ukukhutshwa kwegolide ngokufanelekileyo kwii-ore ebekuya kuba nzima ukuyicubungula, okunegalelo elikhulu ekunikezelweni kwegolide kwihlabathi liphela.

Ukutsalwa kweSilivere kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo

I-sodium cyanide ayiphelelanga ekutsalweni kwegolide. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukutsalwa kwesilivere kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo kwi-ores yazo. Ngokwenza isinyithi esizinzile - i-cyanide complexes, yenza ukuba ukwahlukana kwezi zinyithi zixabisekileyo kwilitye elibamba. Oku kubalulekile kwishishini lemigodi njengoko kunceda ekwandiseni ukufunyanwa kwakhona kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza koqoqosho lwemisebenzi yemigodi.

I-Chemical Feedstock: Iibhloko zoKwakha iiNdibaniselwano zeMichiza

Ukudityaniswa kweeCyanides ezingaphiliyo

I-sodium cyanide isebenza njengezinto ezisisiseko zokwenziwa kwee -cyanides ezahlukeneyo ezingaphiliyo . Iikhompawundi ezifana ne-cyanuric chloride, i-cyanogen chloride, kunye nee-nitriles ezininzi ziphuma kuyo. Umzekelo, i-cyanuric chloride iyinto ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwee-pesticides, ii-herbicides, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepolymers. Amandla okuvelisa ezi Cyanides ezingaphiliyo ezivela kwi -Sodium cyanide aseka uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zeekhemikhali ezisezantsi.

I-Organic Synthesis

Kwi-organic synthesis, i-cyanide, njenge-nucleophile enamandla, isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela i-nitriles. I-Nitriles ixhaphake kwiikhemikhali ezininzi, kuquka namayeza. Umzekelo ongumzekelo kukwenziwa kwe-benzyl cyanide ngokusabela kwe-benzyl chloride kunye ne-sodium cyanide. Le mpendulo linyathelo eliphambili ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto ezininzi eziphilayo, ezibonisa ukubaluleka kwe-sodium cyanide kwintsimi ye-organic chemistry. Ukwenziwa kweziyobisi ezininzi, iziqholo kunye neziqholo zihlala zixhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwe-nitriles elungiselelwe kwi-sodium cyanide.

Electroplating: Ukuphuculwa Metal Surfaces

Kwishishini le-electroplating, i-sodium cyanide idlala indima eninzi. Xa isetyenziswa kwizisombululo ze-electroplating kwiintsimbi ezifana nobhedu, isilivere, i-cadmium, kunye ne-zinc, isebenza imisebenzi emininzi. Okokuqala, kunciphisa i-anodic polarization, iqinisekisa ukuchithwa okugudileyo kunye nokuqhubekayo kwe-anode. Oku kunceda ekugcineni ugxininiso oluzinzileyo lweeoni zetsimbi kwisisombululo seplating. Okwesibini, inyusa i-cathodic polarization, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufumaneni iyunifomu kunye nokunamathela kwesinyithi kwi-cathode. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwi-electroplating ivumela ukuveliswa kwemigangatho yentsimbi ephezulu kunye nokuxhathisa okuphuculweyo, ukubonakala kunye nokuqina. Oku kubalulekile kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka kwi-decorative plating kwi-jewelry kunye nempahla yabathengi ukuya kwi-plating esebenzayo kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto kunye ne-aerospace.

Ezinye izicelo zeNiche

Metal Ukuqina

I-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa kushishino lokuqinisa isinyithi. Kwiinkqubo ezithile zonyango lobushushu, ingasetyenziselwa ukufaka iCarbon kunye ne-nitrogen kumphezulu wezinto zesinyithi. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cyaniding, iphucula ubulukhuni bomphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwesinyithi ngelixa igcina ubulukhuni bayo embindini. Izinto ezifana neegiya, iishafts, kunye nezibophelelo zinokuphathwa ngale ndlela ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo kunye nobomi bazo kwiindlela zokusebenza zoomatshini.

Ukuxuba

Kwezinye izicelo zezolimo kunye nokugcinwa, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswe njenge-fumigant. Ngenxa yokukwazi ukukhupha igesi yehydrogen cyanide, enetyhefu kwizitshabalalisi, ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane, iimpuku, kunye nezinye izinambuzane eziziinkozo ezigciniweyo, kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla, nakwizindlu zokugcina izityalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-fumigation kulawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yetyhefu eyingozi kakhulu kunye neengozi ezinokuthi zibe khona kunye nempilo.

Ukubaluleka kweSodium Cyanide

Ukubaluleka kwesodium cyanide kula mashishini ayinakugqithiswa. Kwishishini lezemigodi, lenza ukuba kutsalwe iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo eziyimfuneko kuqoqosho lwehlabathi, ishishini lezacholo, kunye nenkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe. Kwishishini lemichiza, lisebenza njengebhloko yokwakha engundoqo yeekhompawundi zeekhemikhali ezingenakubalwa ezisetyenziswa kumayeza, iiplastiki, iifayibha, kunye nezinye ezininzi zabathengi kunye neemveliso zoshishino. Kwi-electroplating, iqinisekisa ukuveliswa komgangatho ophezulu weentsimbi zentsimbi ezikhusela kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kweemveliso zetsimbi. Nakwizicelo zayo ze-niche ezifana nokuqina kwentsimbi kunye nokufutha, inika izisombululo ezizodwa ekunzima ukuzitshintsha ezinye iikhemikhali.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuphathwa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokulahlwa kwe-sodium cyanide kufuneka kuqhutywe ngononophelo olukhulu ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu. Imithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye noqeqesho olufanelekileyo lubalulekile ekunciphiseni iingozi ezinxulumene nale khemikhali. Nangona imingcipheko, ukubaluleka kwayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zamashishini kwenza ukuba ibe yikhemikhali yexabiso elikhulu kwaye iqhubeke nokufunda.